Capacity increase in optical fiber links

The capability to increase the capacity of installed fiber optic links went through a paradigm shift over fifteen years ago. Originally, increasing the speed of single wavelength transmission was the most sensible upgrade path when electrical regeneration was required at each node. This later gave way to long reach, optically amplified transmission where both the line rate and DWDM channel count could be increased. This later paradigm made it more favorable for carriers to invest in fiber optic infrastructure. We are at a fascinating time when we can foresee the ultimate limit to capacity increases on fiber as we know it. Possible directions for future fiber technology are noted.

[1]  David W. Peckham,et al.  Large volume manufacturing of dispersion compensating fibers , 1998 .

[2]  K. Kao,et al.  Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies , 1986 .

[3]  Ting Wang,et al.  32Tb/s (320×114Gb/s) PDM-RZ-8QAM transmission over 580km of SMF-28 ultra-low-loss fiber , 2009, 2009 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - incudes post deadline papers.

[4]  Ting Wang,et al.  64-Tb/s (640×107-Gb/s) PDM-36QAM transmission over 320km using both pre- and post-transmission digital equalization , 2010, 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[5]  John Lehrer Zyskind.  Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers , 1992, Other Conferences.

[6]  Zhuhong Zhang,et al.  Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Performance of a Coherent 40Gbit/s Dual-Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) Transceiver , 2007, OFC 2007.

[7]  Masanori Koshiba,et al.  Novel multi-core fibers for mode division multiplexing: proposal and design principle , 2009, IEICE Electron. Express.

[8]  Maurice O'Sullivan,et al.  Next generation transmission fiber for coherent systems , 2010, 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[9]  B. Zhu,et al.  Seven-core multicore fiber transmissions for passive optical network. , 2010, Optics express.

[10]  N. S. Bergano,et al.  Transmission of 96×100G pre-filtered PDM-RZ-QPSK channels with 300% spectral efficiency over 10,608km and 400% spectral efficiency over 4,368km , 2010, 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[11]  P. C. Schultz,et al.  2 – OUTSIDE VAPOR DEPOSITION , 1985 .

[12]  N. Niizeki,et al.  3 – VAPOR-PHASE AXIAL DEPOSITION METHOD , 1985 .

[13]  S. Stulz,et al.  3.2Tb/s (80 /spl times/ 42.7Gb/s) transmission over 20 /spl times/ 100km of non-zero dispersion fiber with simultaneous C + L-band dispersion compensation , 2002, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit.

[14]  D. Keck,et al.  On the ultimate lower limit of attenuation in glass optical waveguides , 1973 .

[15]  K. Tajima.  Low loss PCF by reduction of hole surface imperfection , 2011 .

[16]  E. Basch,et al.  Optical Transmission for Interoffice Trunks , 1978, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[17]  P. R. Trischitta,et al.  The TAT-12/13 Cable Network , 1996 .

[18]  John Lehrer Zyskind,et al.  Chapter 2 - Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Optical Communications , 1997 .

[19]  Suzanne R. Nagel,et al.  1 – MODIFIED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION , 1985 .

[20]  David Hanson,et al.  Performance of a 46-Gbps Dual-Polarization QPSK Transceiver in a High-PMD Fiber Transmission Experiment , 2008 .

[21]  T. Duthel,et al.  10 x 111 Gbit/s 50 GHz spaced, POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK transmission over 2375 km employing coherent equalisation , 2007, OFC 2007.

[22]  F. Forghieri,et al.  Chapter 8 – Fiber Nonlinearities and Their Impact on Transmission Systems , 1997 .

[23]  D N Payne,et al.  Birefringence and polarization mode-dispersion in spun single-mode fibers. , 1981, Applied Optics.

[24]  P. Roberts,et al.  Ultimate low loss of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres. , 2005, Optics express.

[25]  P. Winzer,et al.  Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  T. Yagi,et al.  Investigation on multi-core fibers with large Aeff and low micro bending loss , 2010, 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.