On the nature of anticausative morphology : external arguments in change-of-state contexts

In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich Verben, die die kausative/antikausative Alternation unterlaufen. Eine der zentralen Fragen ist, warum wir sprachubergreifend so oft zwei Klassen von antikausativen Verben finden, morphologisch markierte und morphologisch unmarkierte. Die hier entwickelte Analyse zum Ursprung und der Natur antikausativer Morphologie basiert auf der Annahme, dass Eventstruktur syntaktisch dekomponmiert wird; theoretisch bewegt sich die Arbeit innerhalb des minimalistischen Programms bzw. seiner unter dem Namen "Distributed Morphology" bekannten Variante. Die zentrale These der Arbeit besagt, dass die Prasenz antikausativer Morphologie verhindert, dass am CI-Interface ein externe Thetarolle eingefuhrt wird. Im Gegensatz zu fruheren Ansatzen werden explizite Antworten auf folgende Fragen entwickelt: Q1: Warum finden wir so oft zwei (anstatt von drei oder funf) morphologische Klasssen von Antikausativen? Q2: Warum finden wir immer die gleiche Art von Morphologie und keinen anderen morphologischen Marker. Q3: Unterscheiden sich die zwei Klassen von Antikausativen semantisch? Q4: (Wie) unterscheiden sich die beiden Klassen von Antikausativen syntaktisch? Q5: Was ist die phrasenstrukturelle Position der morphologischen Markierung. Neben der kausativen Alternation (zwischen kausativen Verben und markierten sowie unmarkierten Antikausativen) beinhaltet die Dissertation eine ausfuhrliche Diskussion reflexiver Antikausative des Deutschen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Unakkusativitatsdiagnostika, sie diskutiert die Interpretationen, die ein freier Dativ im Kontext von Zustandsanderungsverben haben kann (sowohl unter typologischer als auch unter theoretischer Perspektive), sie entwickelt eine Analyse uber den Ursprung des impliziten externen Arguments in generischen Middles und sie behandelt die islandische "FATE-accusative"-Konstruktion und ihr deutsches Gegenstuck, die "es"-Konstruktion. This thesis investigates verbs undergoing the causative/anticausative alternation. A central question discussed is why we find crosslinguistically two classes of anticausative verbs, namely morphologically unmarked and morphologically marked ones. I develop a new account of the origin and nature of anticausative morphology which is based on syntactic event decomposition in the framework of the minimalist program and especially its version developed under the label Distributed Morphology. The main claim is that anticausative morphology is a way to prohibit the assignment of an external theta role at the CI-interface. In contrast to earlier accounts, this work develops explicit answers to the following questions: Q1: Why are there so often two (instead of, for example, three or five) morphological classes of anticausatives? Q2: Why do we find the type of morphology that we actually do? Q3: Do the two classes of anticausatives differ semantically? Q4: (How) do the two types of anticausatives differ syntactically? Q5: What is the phrase-structural position of the extra morphology? Besides the causative alternation (between causatives and marked as well as unmarked anticausatives), the thesis involves a discussion of German reflexive anticausatives under the perspective of unaccusativity diagnostics, it discusses the interpretation of free datives in the contexts of change-of state verbs both under a typological as well as a theoretical point of view and it provides a theory about the origin of the implicit agent in generic middles. Finally, it discusses the Icelandic "FATE-accusative construction" and its German counterpart, the "es-construction".

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