Effects of driver attention on rail crossing safety and : The effects of auditory warnings and driver distraction on rail crossing safety.

concepts. However, the presentation rate of and the reaction time to verbal messages is quite slower than the other auditory cue types, and verbal messages are easily masked by natural conversation (Sanders & McCormick, 1987). Each cue type has certain advantages and disadvantages in different contexts. Therefore, it is critical to investigate each type in the intended environment and context to determine most appropriate auditory display design. Appendix 1

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