Missile Projection Effects

Fragments projected by equipment failures are a relevant cause of escalation leading to domino accidents. The patterns underlying this escalation mechanism were revised in detail. The fundamental phenomena available to cope with the three main steps of the phenomena (fragment formation, fragment ejection and flight, and damage from fragment impact on a target) were analyzed in detail. Models available for the calculation of escalation probability due to fragments are reported and their potentialities and limitations are discussed.

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