COMPUTER APPLICATION TO WATER CONDITIONING CALCULATIONS

Quick solutions of calcium-carbonate equilibrium equations have been made feasible by computer technology. Formulas for implementation are presented. In situations where equilibrium is closely approached, a computer program can prove very useful. Through the use of programs, such as the one described, valuable information can be obtained on very short notice and at a very low cost. At the University of California at Berkeley, these techniques are currently being used to study more complicated chemical systems involving calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide formation in a system which does not necessarily achieve equilibrium. Calculation techniques, such as those described, can also be used to define the thermodynamic limits of this more complex process. It is anticipated that the use of this powerful tool will provide considerable insight into the chemistry of lime softening, CaCO/sub 3/ scale formation, and pH control. (14 refs.)