Rheological and Flow Properties of Gas Hydrate Suspensions

The problem of hydrate blockage of pipelines in offshore production is becoming more and more severe with the increase of the water depth. Conventional prevention techniques like insulation or methanol injection are reaching their limits. Injection of antiagglomerant additives and/or presence of natural surfactants in crude oils give us a new insight into hydrate prevention methods. Hydrate crystals are allowed to form but size of the particles is limited and transportation within the hydrocarbon phase is possible as a suspension. Solid particles formation in the liquid modifies the flowing properties. The pressure drop is controlled by the friction factor under turbulent flow conditions or by the apparent viscosity in the case of laminar flow regime. In a first part, the rheological properties of hydrate suspension are analysed depending on the oil phase. Results of flow loop experiments are then reported and allow us to determine the modification of the friction factor under turbulent conditions. Effect of hydrate particles is analysed in terms of rheological properties of the system in the laminar regime and in terms of friction factor modification in the turbulent regime.

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