Eysenck's arousal theory of introversion-extraversion: a converging measures investigation.

Convergent electroencephalographic, performance, and psychometric measures of arousal were used to test predictions based on H. J. Eysenck's (1967) theory. Twelve introverts and 12 extraverts had their brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) monitored under 3 levels of caffeine administration (0.0, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg) and 3 levels of task demand (resting, simple response time, and complex response time). Results revealed a decrease in the latency of Wave V of the BAER as a function of personality, with introverts evidencing significantly shorter latency of Wave V as compared with extraverts. Faster conduction time between Waves I-III and I-V were also found in introverts. Caffeine at either the 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg level was associated with decreased latency of Wave V, compared with the placebo condition. No personality differences in subjective arousal or reaction time performance were found across any of the conditions.

[1]  R. Geen,et al.  The psychophysiology of extraversion. , 1992 .

[2]  H. Herbert,et al.  Distribution and origin of noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers in the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus of the rat , 1991, Brain Research.

[3]  Prediction of Task‐Related Arousal Under Conditions of Environmental Distraction1 , 1991 .

[4]  P. Michie,et al.  Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPS) and selective attention revisited. , 1990, Psychophysiology.

[5]  R. Stelmack.  Biological bases of extraversion: psychophysiological evidence. , 1990, Journal of personality.

[6]  M. E. Rosenberg,et al.  Does selective attention influence the brain-stem auditory evoked potential? , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[7]  J. Connolly,et al.  Human brainstem auditory evoked potentials fail to provide evidence of efferent modulation of auditory input during attentional tasks. , 1989, Psychophysiology.

[8]  J. R. Hughes,et al.  Neuroanatomic correlations with the late waves of the brain-stem auditory evoked potential. , 1988, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[9]  M. Church,et al.  Effects of cocaine on the brain-stem auditory evoked potential in the Long-Evans rat. , 1988, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[10]  A. Møller,et al.  Contributions from the auditory nerve to the brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs): results of intracranial recording in man. , 1988, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[11]  D. Meyer,et al.  Impulsivity and speed-accuracy tradeoffs in information processing. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[12]  Gastone Rocchetti,et al.  Effetti dell'ascolto di stimoli interferenti sui potenziali evocati troncoencefalici. , 1987 .

[13]  D. Shucard,et al.  Pentobarbital-induced changes in the mouse brainstem auditory evoked potential as a function of click repetition rate and time postdrug , 1987, Brain Research.

[14]  J. Brebner,et al.  Excitation-Inhibition and Arousal as Explanatory Concepts for Extraversion , 1987 .

[15]  D. Shucard,et al.  Theophylline-induced changes in the mouse brainstem auditory evoked potential. , 1987, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[16]  John T. Jacobson,et al.  The Auditory brainstem response , 1985 .

[17]  J. R. Hughes.  A Review of the Auditory System and Its Evoked Potentials , 1985 .

[18]  J. R. Hughes,et al.  The effect of light sleep on the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP). , 1984, The International journal of neuroscience.

[19]  R. Geen,et al.  Preferred stimulation levels in introverts and extroverts: Effects on arousal and performance. , 1984 .

[20]  Henning Scheich,et al.  Functional activation in the auditory system of the rat produced by arousing reticular stimulation: a 2-deoxyglucose study , 1984, Brain Research.

[21]  Barry D. Smith,et al.  Electrodermal activity and extraversion: Caffeine, preparatory signal and stimulus intensity effects. , 1984 .

[22]  J. Petiot,et al.  Effects of the ovarian and contraceptive cycles on absolute thresholds, auditory fatigue and recovery from temporary threshold shifts at 4 and 6 kHz. , 1984, Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology.

[23]  R Brix,et al.  The influence of attention on the auditory brain stem evoked responses. Preliminary report. , 1984, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[24]  C. Aine,et al.  Binaural interaction in auditory brainstem responses of mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals. , 1983, American journal of mental deficiency.

[25]  M. Humphreys,et al.  Arousal and recognition memory: The effects of impulsivity, caffeine and time on task , 1983 .

[26]  Barry D. Smith.  Extraversion and electrodermal activity: arousability and the inverted-U , 1983 .

[27]  A. Gale,et al.  A short critique of the psychophysiology of individual differences , 1983 .

[28]  N. Squires,et al.  Central transmission time differences in the auditory brainstem response as a function of sex, age, and ear of stimulation. , 1983, The International journal of neuroscience.

[29]  R. J. Wilson,et al.  Extraversion and multiple levels of caffeine-induced arousal: effects on overhabituation and dishabituation. , 1983, Psychophysiology.

[30]  H. L. Williams,et al.  Dose- and time-dependent effects of ethanol on brain stem auditory evoked responses in young adult males. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[31]  R. Stelmack,et al.  Extraversion and the effects of frequency and intensity on the auditory brainstem evoked response , 1982 .

[32]  W. Revelle,et al.  The measurement of extroversion: A comparison of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire , 1981 .

[33]  K. Campbell,et al.  Neuroanatomical and physiological foundations of extraversion. , 1981, Psychophysiology.

[34]  E. Donchin,et al.  Circadian variation in the latency of brainstem responses and its relation to body temperature. , 1981, Science.

[35]  R. Stelmack.  The Psychophysiology of Extraversion and Neuroticism , 1981 .

[36]  J. Lukas,et al.  The role of efferent inhibition in human auditory attention: an examination of the auditory brainstem potentials. , 1981, The International journal of neuroscience.

[37]  Kirby Gilliland,et al.  The interactive effect of introversion-extraversion with caffeine induced arousal on verbal performance , 1980 .

[38]  J. Lukas,et al.  Human auditory attention: the olivocochlear bundle may function as a peripheral filter. , 1980, Psychophysiology.

[39]  M. Humphreys,et al.  The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: a test of the arousal model. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[40]  J. Stockard,et al.  Brainstem auditory-evoked responses. Normal variation as a function of stimulus and subject characteristics. , 1979, Archives of neurology.

[41]  F. Sharbrough,et al.  Nonpathologic Factors Influencing Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials , 1978 .

[42]  F. Sharbrough,et al.  Effects of hypothermia on the human brainstem auditory response , 1978, Annals of neurology.

[43]  J. Brebner,et al.  The effect of catch-trials on speed and accuracy among introverts and extraverts in a simple RT task. , 1978, British journal of psychology.

[44]  R. Stelmack,et al.  Extraversion and individual differences in auditory evoked response. , 1977, Psychophysiology.

[45]  P. Keuss,et al.  Transmarginal inhibition in a reaction time task as a function of extraversion and neuroticism. , 1977, Acta psychologica.

[46]  J. Stockard,et al.  Clinical and pathologic correlates of brain stem auditory response abnormalities , 1977, Neurology.

[47]  M. A. Baker,et al.  Sex of listener and hormonal correlates of auditory thresholds. , 1977, British journal of audiology.

[48]  W Revelle,et al.  Introversion/extroversion, time stress, and caffeine: effect on verbal performance. , 1976, Science.

[49]  A. Starr,et al.  Auditory brain stem responses in neurological disease. , 1975, Archives of neurology.

[50]  J. Brebner,et al.  The effect of a low rate of regular signals upon the reaction times of introverts and extraverts , 1974 .

[51]  R I Thackray,et al.  Personality and physiological correlates of performance decrement on a monotonous task requiring sustained attention. , 1974, British journal of psychology.

[52]  T W Picton,et al.  Human auditory evoked potentials. II. Effects of attention. , 1974, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[53]  L. W. Buckalew.  Relationship between a physiological and personality index of excitability , 1973 .

[54]  C. Shagass,et al.  Brief latency click-evoked potentials during waking and sleep in man. , 1973, Psychophysiology.

[55]  Joseph R. Sligo,et al.  EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF UNIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE PROCEDURES , 1971 .

[56]  D L Jewett,et al.  Human Auditory Evoked Potentials: Possible Brain Stem Components Detected on the Scalp , 1970, Science.

[57]  S. L. Smith,et al.  Extraversion and sensory threshold. , 1968, Psychophysiology.

[58]  M. J. Blake.  Relationship between Circadian Rhythm of Body Temperature and Introversion–Extraversion , 1967, Nature.

[59]  R. Thayer,et al.  Measurement of Activation through Self-Report , 1967, Psychological reports.

[60]  Hans J. Eysenck,et al.  The Eysenck Personality Inventory , 1965 .

[61]  H. Eysenck.  Biological Basis of Personality , 1963, Nature.

[62]  A. Guyton,et al.  Textbook of Medical Physiology , 1961 .

[63]  P. L. Broadhurst.  The interaction of task difficulty and motivation: The Yerkes Dodson law revived. , 1959 .

[64]  A. Scheibel,et al.  Structural substrates for integrative patterns in the brain stem reticular core. , 1958 .

[65]  A. Brodal,et al.  The reticular formation of the brain stem, anatomical aspects and functional correlations , 1958 .

[66]  D. Cox.  Note on Grouping , 1957 .

[67]  A. Brodal,et al.  Neurological Anatomy in Relation to Clinical Medicine , 1950 .

[68]  R. Yerkes,et al.  The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit‐formation , 1908 .