Dose‐Related Prolongation of Hyperbaric Tetracaine Spinal Anesthesia by Clonidine in Humans

The effect of clonidine, an α3 agonist, on sensory and motor blockade during spinal anesthesia was studied in 44 ASA physical status I II patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups given 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine (HT), within group 1 (N = 14) 1 ml isotonic saline, in group II (N = 15) 0.5 ml saline solution and 0.5 ml clonidine (75 μg), and in group III (N = 15) 1 ml clonidine (150 μg). Sensory blockade (SB) was evaluated by pinprick and motor blockade (MB) according to Bromage's scale. The level of SB was comparable in the three groups but the duration was different. The 75 pg clonidine was associated with 25% prolongation of SB at L2 and 29% prolongation of grade 3 MB Clonidine 150 pg prolonged the time of SB at L2 by 72% and grade 3 MB by 96%. Colloid infusion and the decrease in diastolic blood pressure were significantly greater in the clonidine 150 μg group compared to group 1. A dose related prolongation of spinal anesthesia is demonstrated with clonidine.

[1]  J. Eisenach,et al.  Epidural Clonidine Does Not Decrease Blood Pressure or Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Awake Sheep , 1988, Anesthesiology.

[2]  C. Touboul,et al.  Tourniquet Pain During Spinal Anesthesia Hyperbaric Versus Isobaric Tetracaine , 1988, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

[3]  J. Wade,et al.  Dose‐response Relationship of Clonidine in Tetracaine Spinal Anesthesia , 1987, Anesthesiology.

[4]  G. Crosby,et al.  THE SPINAL BLOOD FLOW EFFECT OF SUBARACHNOID CLONIDINE , 1987 .

[5]  J. Racle,et al.  Prolongation of Isobaric Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia with Epinephrine and Clonidine for Hip Surgery in the Elderly , 1987, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[6]  J. Eisenach,et al.  Epidural Clonidine Produces Antinociception, But Not Hypotension, In Sheep , 1987, Anesthesiology.

[7]  T. Archer,et al.  Antinociceptive Effects and Spinal Cord Tissue Concentrations after Intrathecal Injection of Guanfacine or Clonidine into Rats , 1987, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[8]  L. Quintin,et al.  Haemodynamic effects of clonidine injected epidurally in halothane-anaesthetized dogs , 1987, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.

[9]  T. Gordh,et al.  Effect of Epidural Clonidine on Spinal Cord Blood Flow and Regional and Central Hemodynamics in Pigs , 1986, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[10]  R. Palahniuk,et al.  Clonidine prolongs canine tetracaine spinal anaesthesia , 1986, Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal.

[11]  D P Chamberlain,et al.  Changes in the Skin Temperature of the Trunk and Their Relationship to Sympathetic Blockade during Spinal Anesthesia , 1986, Anesthesiology.

[12]  R. Palahniuk,et al.  Spinal cord blood flow following subarachnoid tetracaine , 1985, Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal.

[13]  B. Milne,et al.  Intrathecal Clonidine: Analgesia and Effect on Opiate Withdrawal in the Rat , 1985, Anesthesiology.

[14]  I. W. Møller,et al.  Subarachnoid anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine: effects of density. , 1984, British journal of anaesthesia.

[15]  T. Gordh,et al.  EPIDURAL CLONIDINE PRODUCES ANALGESIA , 1984, The Lancet.

[16]  B. Covino,et al.  Vasoconstrictors in Spinal Anesthesia with Tetracaine—A Comparison of Epinephrine and Phenylephrine , 1984, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[17]  S. Z. Langer,et al.  Alpha-adrenoreceptor subtypes in blood vessels: physiology and pharmacology. , 1984, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[18]  T. Yaksh,et al.  Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen. , 1981, Anesthesiology.

[19]  W. Nayler,et al.  Effect of the hypotensive drug ST 155 (Catapres) on the heart and peripheral circulation. , 1968, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[20]  P. Bromage.  A Comparison of the Hydrochloride and Carbon Dioxide Salts of Lidocaine and Prilocaine in Epidural Analgesia , 1965, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.