Interpreting Surface Ocean Phenomena Through Quad-Polarized SAR Measurements

RADARSAT-2 C-band quad-polarization ocean synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes are decomposed into resonant Bragg scattering from regular (no-breaking) surface and scattering from breaking waves. Analysis of the surface current signatures in dual co- and cross-pol SAR images revealed that governing imaging mechanism is modulations of wave breakings which are very sensitive to the presence of current non-uniformities. As found, due to small relaxation scale, short Bragg waves do not "feel" the current. Thus routinely observed current signatures in quad-pol SAR images originate essentially from wave breaking modulations, and modulation of Bragg waves does not matter this issue.