Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by microradiographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms

Abstract 1. 1. Bone is a living tissue of varying size, shape, and density and is subject to constant remodeling throughout life. 2. 2. It is helpful in research, teaching, and patient care to classify adult mandibles into 6 orders of anatomic form: I, pre-extraction; II, postextraction; III, high, well-rounded residual ridge; IV, knife-edge residual ridge; V, low, well-rounded residual ridge; VI, depressed residual ridge. 3. 3. Microradiography of thin sections of bone shows clearly the variations in form and degree of mineralization of the various elements of bone. 4. 4. Microradiography of midsagittal sections of 21 edentulous mandibles revealed external resorption and an absence of periosteal bone on the residual ridges in all specimens. 5. 5. Evidence of mild to moderate osteoporosis was seen in one half of the specimens (average age of this group, 76 years). 6. 6. There are many avenues for the study of resorption of residual ridges. The possible roles of a constricting mucoperiosteum and of surgical technique are discussed.

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