An implementation of infants' gut microbiome maturation analyses by 16s rRNA from stool samples in extraction solution of room temperature

A healthy gut microbiota is helpful to human host in many aspects, including providing nutrients, protection from pathogens, and maturation of immune responses. But the high price, strict sampling process, time consuming strategy of the metagenomic sequencing, as well as its complex data analysis, limits the application and promotion of personal microbiota evaluation in commercial market. Here we developed a commercial gut microbiota detection pipeline, a maturation analysis based on 16s rRNA sequencing from stool samples in room temperature extraction solution, for infants' gut microbiome. In total, 270 maternal-infant pairs (270 infants and 257 mothers) of stool samples and survey data were collected and analyzed. We observed that infant microbiome gradually matures into their mother-like structure. The mode of delivery also impacted the gut microbiome maturation. Vaginally born infants showed better maturation than C-section ones. These findings are consistent with existing results of metagenomic sequencing studies under stricter sample handling and lab settings, while this new strategy provides affordable and home-use personal micorbiota products for consumers. Together with a novel healthcare mobile app, this pipeline helps mothers to monitor babies' microbiome development and provides more appropriate rearing patterns.

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