Distribution characteristics of nonylphenols in the artificial Lake Shihwa, and surrounding creeks in Korea.

Nonylphenols were determined from the water, suspended particle, and sediment samples taken from the Lake Shihwa in Korea and its surrounding creeks flowing through municipal and industrial areas, and into the lake. The nonylphenols were detected at the concentration ranges of 0.0-41.3 microg/l, 0.0-116.6 and 0.3-31.7 mg/kg in water, suspended particle and sediment samples respectively. The contamination levels of nonylphenols were increased along the down stream. Considerably high levels of nonylphenols were found at the industrial area compared to the municipal area. No remarkable differences were found between the isomer patterns of nonylphenols for the sample matrices of each sampling site, i.e. water, suspended solids and sediment. Strong correlations between water and sediment with 10(5.2) of the mean partition coefficient (Koc ) were observed. These indicate that most of nonylphenols came from industrial wastewater at high level. It is thought that the water quality of the Lake Shihwa is affected greatly by industrial environments surrounding.

[1]  T. Isobe,et al.  Distribution and behavior of nonylphenol, octylphenol, and nonylphenol monoethoxylate in Tokyo metropolitan area: their association with aquatic particles and sedimentary distributions. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  R. Kookana,et al.  Environmental fate of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates--a review. , 2002, Environment international.

[3]  J. Giesy,et al.  Identification and quantitation of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol in fish tissues from Michigan. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[4]  Donghao Li,et al.  Silyl derivatization of alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A for simultaneous GC/MS determination. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  Donghao Li,et al.  Direct extraction of alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A from acid-digested sediment suspension for simultaneous gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[6]  W. Giger,et al.  BEHAVIOUR OF ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT--III . OCCURRENCE AND ELIMINATION OF THEIR PERSISTENT METABOLITES DURING INFILTRATION OF RIVER WATER TO GROUNDWATER , 1996 .

[7]  K. Henriksen,et al.  Degradation of 4-nonylphenol in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous mixtures of soil and sewage sludge. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[8]  S. Tanabe,et al.  Contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from Kyeonggi Bay and nearby areas, Korea. , 2001, Marine pollution bulletin.

[9]  D. Bennie Review of the environmental occurrence of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates , 1999 .

[10]  N. Jonkers,et al.  Aerobic biodegradation studies of nonylphenol ethoxylates in river water using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[11]  E. Hill,et al.  Bioconcentration and distribution of 4-tert-octylphenol residues in tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). , 2001, Marine environmental research.

[12]  M. Manzano,et al.  The effect of temperature on the biodegradation of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate in river water , 1999 .

[13]  T. Tsuda,et al.  Evaluation of 4-nonylphenols and 4-tert-octylphenol contamination of fish in rivers by laboratory accumulation and excretion experiments. , 2001, Water research.

[14]  C. Metcalfe,et al.  The environmental fate of the primary degradation products of alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in recycled paper sludge. , 1999, Chemosphere.

[15]  W. Giger,et al.  4-Nonylphenol in sewage sludge: accumulation of toxic metabolites from nonionic surfactants. , 1984, Science.

[16]  J. Giesy,et al.  Alkylphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorines in sediment from Lake Shihwa, Korea: Instrumental and bioanalytical characterization , 1999 .

[17]  A. Bergman,et al.  Biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol in seawater and sediment. , 1993, Environmental pollution.

[18]  P. Hughes,et al.  Sulfation of “Estrogenic” Alkylphenols and 17β-Estradiol by Human Platelet Phenol Sulfotransferases* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[19]  U. Bolz,et al.  Phenolic xenoestrogens in surface water, sediments, and sewage sludge from Baden-Württemberg, south-west Germany. , 2001, Environmental pollution.

[20]  R. Macdonald,et al.  Persistence of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants and Their Primary Degradation Products in Sediments from near a Municipal Outfall in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada , 1999 .

[21]  M. Waldock,et al.  Concentrations of alkylphenols in rivers and estuaries in England and Wales , 1995 .

[22]  P. Bjerregaard,et al.  Estrogenic effect of dietary 4-tert-octylphenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). , 2003, Aquatic toxicology.

[23]  E. Funari,et al.  Alkylphenolic compounds in edible molluscs of the Adriatic Sea (Italy). , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[24]  W. Giger,et al.  Behaviour of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in the aquatic environment—I. Occurrence and transformation in sewage treatment , 1994 .

[25]  J. Cravedi,et al.  Metabolism and organ distribution of nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). , 2000, Marine environmental research.