Mitigating the FloodingWaves Problem in Energy-Efficient Routing for MANETs

In wireless mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) channel and energy capacities are scarce resources, a lot of energy-efficient routing protocols for MANETs have been previously proposed to take into consideration the nodes’ residual energies when establishing routes between source-destination pairs. In this paper we are not trying to introduce a new routing algorithm to be added to the already proposed stack of energy-efficient protocols, but rather, we identify a problem in cost-based energy-efficient routing for MANETs, we call this problem "Flooding Waves". We show that the "Flooding Waves" is a serious problem in dense networks, to the extent that the excessive energy overhead consumed in these waves can outweigh the gain achieved by energy-efficient path selection. We propose the "Delayed-Forwarding" as a solution for this problem. We provide both a simulation analysis and a simple theoretical framework to validate and support this solution.

[1]  David A. Maltz,et al.  DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks , 2001 .

[2]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Energy aware routing for low energy ad hoc sensor networks , 2002, 2002 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Record. WCNC 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8609).

[3]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[4]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  Adaptive approaches to relieving broadcast storms in a wireless multihop mobile ad hoc network , 2001, Proceedings 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[5]  Panganamala Ramana Kumar,et al.  RHEINISCH-WESTFÄLISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN , 2001 .

[6]  Adam Wolisz,et al.  An energy-efficient power control approach for WLANs , 2000, Journal of Communications and Networks.

[7]  Krishna M. Sivalingam,et al.  Power-aware scheduling algoritms for wire-less networks , 2001 .

[8]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[9]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1994, Mobidata.

[10]  Karthik Dantu,et al.  Power-aware source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, ISLPED '02.

[11]  Anantha P. Chandrakasan,et al.  An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[12]  Krishna M. Sivalingam,et al.  Performance comparison of battery power consumption in wireless multiple access protocols , 1999, Wirel. Networks.

[13]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  ASCENT : Adaptive Self-Configuring sEnsor Networks Topologies . , 2002 .

[14]  Karl Aberer,et al.  Autonomous Gossiping: A Self-Organizing Epidemic Algorithm for Selective Information Dissemination in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks , 2004, ICSNW.

[15]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Gossip-based ad hoc routing , 2006, IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw..

[16]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, Wirel. Networks.

[17]  André Schiper,et al.  Probabilistic broadcast for flooding in wireless mobile ad hoc networks , 2003, 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003..

[18]  Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer,et al.  A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[19]  Hao Yang,et al.  A Power Control MAC Protocol for Ad hoc Networks , 2008, MobiMedia.

[20]  Michael B. Pursley,et al.  Energy-efficient transmission and routing protocols for wireless multiple-hop networks and spread-spectrum radios , 2000, IEEE/AFCEA EUROCOMM 2000. Information Systems for Enhanced Public Safety and Security (Cat. No.00EX405).

[21]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 2002, Wirel. Networks.

[22]  Dirk Timmermann,et al.  Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy with deterministic cluster-head selection , 2002, 4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network.

[23]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  ASCENT: adaptive self-configuring sensor networks topologies , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[24]  Samir Ranjan Das,et al.  Energy-Aware On-Demand Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, IWDC.

[25]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Gossip-based ad hoc routing , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[26]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Application-specific protocol architectures for wireless networks , 2000 .

[27]  Daniel Lang,et al.  A comprehensive overview about selected Ad Hoc Networking Routing Protocols , 2003 .

[28]  Mahmoud Naghshineh,et al.  PARO: Supporting Dynamic Power Controlled Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks , 2003, Wirel. Networks.

[29]  L. Feeney.  A Taxonomy for Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 1999 .

[30]  Suresh Singh,et al.  Power efficient MAC protocol for multihop radio networks , 1998, Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (Cat. No.98TH8361).