Pulsed Light Irradiation Improves Behavioral Outcome in a Rat Model of Chronic Mild Stress

Transcranial laser therapy (TLT) has been used successfully for the treatment of stroke in animal models and clinical trials. These results support the hypothesis that TLT could be used to treat other central nervous system conditions, such as depression. Current therapy for depression emphasizes pharmaco‐therapeutics. However, these interventions often cause unwanted side effects. Here, TLT as a treatment for depression was studied in a rat model of chronic mild stress (CMS).

[1]  Minoru Obara,et al.  Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice , 2011, PloS one.

[2]  P. Lapchak,et al.  Transcranial near-infrared light therapy improves motor function following embolic strokes in rabbits: An extended therapeutic window study using continuous and pulse frequency delivery modes , 2007, Neuroscience.

[3]  Stephen Begg,et al.  Burden of disease and injury , , 2022 .

[4]  Michael Rickels,et al.  Active behaviors in the rat forced swimming test differentially produced by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants , 1995, Psychopharmacology.

[5]  P F Renshaw,et al.  Lower levels of nucleoside triphosphate in the basal ganglia of depressed subjects: a phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. , 1997, The American journal of psychiatry.

[6]  Michael R Hamblin,et al.  Psychological benefits 2 and 4 weeks after a single treatment with near infrared light to the forehead: a pilot study of 10 patients with major depression and anxiety , 2009, Behavioral and Brain Functions.

[7]  Amir Oron,et al.  low-level laser therapy applied transcranially to mice following traumatic brain injury significantly reduces long-term neurological deficits. , 2007, Journal of neurotrauma.

[8]  Glyn Lewis,et al.  Randomised controlled trials investigating pharmacological and psychological interventions for treatment-refractory depression , 2002, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[9]  I. M. Catalano,et al.  Increase of proton electrochemical potential and ATP synthesis in rat liver mitochondria irradiated in vitro by helium‐neon laser , 1984, FEBS letters.

[10]  Jason S. Snyder,et al.  Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behavior , 2011, Nature.

[11]  Jieli Chen,et al.  Low-Level Laser Therapy Applied Transcranially to Rats After Induction of Stroke Significantly Reduces Long-Term Neurological Deficits , 2006, Stroke.

[12]  Marc Fisher,et al.  Effectiveness and Safety of Transcranial Laser Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke , 2009, Stroke.

[13]  L. Hagenfeldt,et al.  Alterations of mitochondrial function and correlations with personality traits in selected major depressive disorder patients. , 2003, Journal of affective disorders.

[14]  M. Bogo,et al.  Ecto-nucleotidase pathway is altered by different treatments with fluoxetine and nortriptyline. , 2008, European journal of pharmacology.

[15]  Marc Fisher,et al.  Infrared Laser Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: A New Treatment Strategy: Results of the NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial–1 (NEST-1) , 2007, Stroke.

[16]  P. Willner Validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress model of depression: a 10-year review and evaluation , 1997, Psychopharmacology.

[17]  J. Quevedo,et al.  Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Psychiatric Disorders , 2009, Neurochemical Research.

[18]  P. Willner,et al.  Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant , 2004, Psychopharmacology.

[19]  Ricardo Aurino Pinho,et al.  Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in muscle healing by low-level laser therapy. , 2009, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[20]  Raymond J. Lanzafame,et al.  Photomodulation of Oxidative Metabolism and Electron Chain Enzymes in Rat Liver Mitochondria , 1997, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[21]  Tiina I. Karu,et al.  Irradiation with HeNe laser increases ATP level in cells cultivated in vitro , 1995 .

[22]  J. Vetulani,et al.  Antidepressants: past, present and future. , 2000, European journal of pharmacology.

[23]  Paul A. Lapchak,et al.  Transcranial near infrared laser treatment (NILT) increases cortical adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) content following embolic strokes in rabbits , 2010, Brain Research.

[24]  Majid Ezzati,et al.  The burden of disease and injury in the United States 1996 , 2006, Population health metrics.

[25]  Á. N. Chonchubhair Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. , 1998, Anaesthesia.

[26]  J. Quevedo,et al.  Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain in brain of rats subjected to an experimental model of depression , 2008, Neurochemistry International.

[27]  A. Perrin High-Speed Imaging Reveals Neurophysiological Links to Behavior in an Animal Model of Depression , 2002 .

[28]  H. Sackeim,et al.  Necessity of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Therapeutic Action of Antidepressants in Adult Nonhuman Primates , 2011, PloS one.

[29]  P. Xie,et al.  Reduced neurogenesis and pre-synaptic dysfunction in the olfactory bulb of a rat model of depression , 2011, Neuroscience.

[30]  T. Karu,et al.  Irradiation with He-Ne laser increases ATP level in cells cultivated in vitro. , 1995, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[31]  F. Angiero,et al.  Intracellular ATP level increases in lymphocytes irradiated with infrared laser light of wavelength 904 nm. , 2008, Photomedicine and laser surgery.

[32]  P. Lapchak,et al.  Transcranial Infrared Laser Therapy Improves Clinical Rating Scores After Embolic Strokes in Rabbits , 2004, Stroke.

[33]  D. Price,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of major depression 2007. , 2007, The Permanente journal.

[34]  Amir Oron,et al.  Transcranial application of low‐energy laser irradiation improves neurological deficits in rats following acute stroke , 2006, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[35]  Zhi-jun Zhang,et al.  Hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioural studies on adult ischemic rat response to chronic mild stress , 2008, Behavioural Brain Research.

[36]  Luis De Taboada,et al.  Transcranial laser therapy attenuates amyloid-β peptide neuropathology in amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic mice. , 2011, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[37]  Kunio Awazu,et al.  Effects of near-infra-red laser irradiation on adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate contents of rat brain tissue , 2002, Neuroscience Letters.

[38]  J. Amsterdam,et al.  Changes in weight during a 1-year trial of fluoxetine. , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[39]  J. Leza,et al.  Glutathione Depletion, Lipid Peroxidation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Are Induced by Chronic Stress in Rat Brain , 2001, Neuropsychopharmacology.