Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

[1]  G. Faulkner,et al.  Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Weight Gain and Metabolic Disturbance in Patients Treated with Antipsychotic Medications , 2006, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[2]  C. Holman,et al.  Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients 1980-1998. , 2003, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[3]  Z. Freeman Stress and cardiovascular disease , 1988, The Medical journal of Australia.

[4]  D. Nathan,et al.  International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes , 2009, Diabetes Care.

[5]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[6]  J. Sáiz Ruiz,et al.  [Consensus on physical health of patients with schizophrenia from the Spanish Societies of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry]. , 2008, Actas espanolas de psiquiatria.

[7]  Irwin Nazareth,et al.  Relative risk of cardiovascular and cancer mortality in people with severe mental illness from the United Kingdom's General Practice Rsearch Database. , 2007, Archives of general psychiatry.

[8]  G. Remington,et al.  Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia. , 2007, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[9]  S. Newman,et al.  History of depression increases risk of type 2 diabetes in younger adults. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[10]  J. Lamberti,et al.  Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among outpatients with severe mental disorders receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[11]  J. Newcomer,et al.  The Atypical Antipsychotic Therapy and Metabolic Issues National Survey: Practice Patterns and Knowledge of Psychiatrists , 2004, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[12]  V. Simon,et al.  Are weight gain and metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics dose dependent? A literature review. , 2009, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[13]  W. Riley,et al.  Obesity among those with mental disorders: a National Institute of Mental Health meeting report. , 2009, American journal of preventive medicine.

[14]  M. De Hert,et al.  Major changes in glucose metabolism, including new-onset diabetes, within 3 months after initiation of or switch to atypical antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. , 2008, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[15]  T. Wetterling,et al.  P.3.c.071 Epidemiological study for the evaluation of metabolic disorders in patients with schizophrenia: The METEOR Study , 2008, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[16]  R. Schmieder,et al.  Guidelines for management of arterial hypertension , 2007 .

[17]  Piotr Ponikowski,et al.  2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). , 2007, European heart journal.

[18]  M. De Hert,et al.  Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: a cross-sectional study , 2006, Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH.

[19]  C. Correll,et al.  Equally increased risk for metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia treated with second-generation antipsychotics. , 2008, Bipolar disorders.

[20]  D. Ford,et al.  Depression and Risk for Onset of Type II Diabetes: A prospective population-based study , 1996, Diabetes Care.

[21]  T. Wetterling,et al.  Epidemiological Study for the Evaluation of Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Schizophrenia: The Meteor Study , 2009, European Psychiatry.

[22]  J. Bobes,et al.  A comparison of schizophrenia outpatients treated with antipsychotics with and without metabolic syndrome: Findings from the CLAMORS study , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[23]  R. Dittmann,et al.  The safety of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a pooled analysis of 4 clinical trials. , 2009, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[24]  C. Correll,et al.  Metabolic syndrome and the risk of coronary heart disease in 367 patients treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs. , 2006, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[25]  A. Classification,et al.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 , 2009, Diabetes Care.

[26]  W. Fleischhacker,et al.  Metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication , 2007, International journal of clinical practice.

[27]  C. Hennekens,et al.  Schizophrenia and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. , 2005, American heart journal.

[28]  W. Katon The comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and depression. , 2008, The American journal of medicine.

[29]  B. Balkau,et al.  The threshold for diagnosing impaired fasting glucose: a position statement by the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group , 2006, Diabetologia.

[30]  B. Druss Improving medical care for persons with serious mental illness: challenges and solutions. , 2007, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[31]  Nicholas J Wareham,et al.  Depression and ischemic heart disease mortality: evidence from the EPIC-Norfolk United Kingdom prospective cohort study. , 2008, The American journal of psychiatry.

[32]  J. McClellan,et al.  Efficacy and Tolerability of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents With Schizophrenia , 2007, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[33]  Warren C. Stern,et al.  Weight gain. A side-effect of tricyclic antidepressants. , 1984, Journal of affective disorders.

[34]  B. Carroll,et al.  Elevated frequency of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized manic-depressive patients. , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[35]  Nice Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management , 2005 .

[36]  P. Sparén,et al.  Time trends in schizophrenia mortality in Stockholm County, Sweden: cohort study , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[37]  M. De Hert,et al.  Pharmacological treatment of severe dyslipidaemia in patients with schizophrenia , 2007, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[38]  J. Newcomer,et al.  Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: implications for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[39]  H. Möller,et al.  World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, Part 2: Long-term treatment of schizophrenia , 2006, The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry.

[40]  L. Dibbelt,et al.  Visceral Fat Deposition and Insulin Sensitivity in Depressed Women With and Without Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder , 2005, Psychosomatic medicine.

[41]  A. Lajtha,et al.  Cognitive and antismoking effects of varenicline in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder , 2009, Schizophrenia Research.

[42]  L. Citrome,et al.  Diabetes and schizophrenia 2005: are we any closer to understanding the link? , 2005, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[43]  S. Saha,et al.  A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? , 2007, Archives of general psychiatry.

[44]  Craig W. Colton,et al.  Congruencies in Increased Mortality Rates, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Causes of Death Among Public Mental Health Clients in Eight States , 2006, Preventing chronic disease.

[45]  W. Knowler,et al.  Depression, diabetes, and glycemic control in an American Indian community. , 2008, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[46]  John M Davis,et al.  Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[47]  I. Nazareth,et al.  Relative risk of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in people with severe mental illnesses: Systematic review and metaanalysis , 2008, BMC psychiatry.

[48]  J. Lönnqvist,et al.  Effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of patients in community care after first hospitalisation due to schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: observational follow-up study , 2006, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[49]  Zhening Liu,et al.  Effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on glucose–insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia , 2006, Psychopharmacology.

[50]  A. Stunkard,et al.  Depression and obesity , 2003, Biological Psychiatry.

[51]  S. Daniels,et al.  Lipid Screening and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood , 2008, Pediatrics.

[52]  A. King,et al.  Depression and the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2004, Psychosomatic medicine.

[53]  L. Miller Management of Atypical Antipsychotic Drug‐Induced Weight Gain: Focus on Metformin , 2009, Pharmacotherapy.

[54]  J. Thakore Metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia. , 2005, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[55]  P. O S I T I O N S T A T E M E N T,et al.  Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus , 2011, Diabetes Care.

[56]  J. Newcomer,et al.  Prevalence and predictors of lipid and glucose monitoring in commercially insured patients treated with second-generation antipsychotic agents. , 2009, The American journal of psychiatry.

[57]  M. Woodward,et al.  First- v. second-generation antipsychotics and risk for diabetes in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2008, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[58]  R. Hirschfeld,et al.  An open-label extension trial of risperidone monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar I disorder , 2006, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[59]  C. Lyketsos,et al.  Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. , 2008, JAMA.

[60]  V. Basevi Standards of medical care in diabetes--2007. , 2009, Diabetes care.

[61]  P. Sparén,et al.  Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm County, Sweden , 2000, Schizophrenia Research.

[62]  R. Holt,et al.  Obesity, serious mental illness and antipsychotic drugs , 2009, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[63]  T. Valle,et al.  Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[64]  K. Taxis,et al.  Is it appropriate to use cardiovascular risk scores in patients with psychotic disorders , 2008 .

[65]  Syam Gadde,et al.  Brain-performance correlates of working memory retrieval in schizophrenia: a cognitive modeling approach. , 2009, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[66]  R. Kronmal,et al.  The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale. , 1991, Annals of epidemiology.

[67]  B. Barraclough,et al.  Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. , 2000, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[68]  I. Heuser The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System in Depression , 1998 .

[69]  R. Reznek,et al.  Increased visceral fat distribution in drug-naive and drug-free patients with schizophrenia , 2002, International Journal of Obesity.

[70]  S. Feld,et al.  The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: The AACE System of Intensive Diabetes Self-Management - 2002 Update , 2002 .

[71]  D. Cohen,et al.  Hyperglycemia and diabetes in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. , 2006, Diabetes care.

[72]  M. De Hert,et al.  Treatment with rosuvastatin for severe dyslipidemia in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. , 2006, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[73]  D. Vancampfort,et al.  Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review , 2009, World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association.

[74]  Michael Ussher,et al.  Exercise interventions for smoking cessation , 2012, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[75]  H. Nasrallah,et al.  Atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects: insights from receptor-binding profiles , 2008, Molecular Psychiatry.

[76]  C. Apovian Lifestyle Intervention and Metformin for Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Trial , 2008 .

[77]  A. Kissebah Intra-abdominal fat: is it a major factor in developing diabetes and coronary artery disease? , 1996, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[78]  R. Hoffmann,et al.  Adiposity, fat distribution, and cardiovascular risk. , 1989, Annals of internal medicine.

[79]  J. Blumenthal,et al.  Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. , 1999, Circulation.

[80]  Thomas Pollmächer,et al.  Epidemiology, implications and mechanisms underlying drug-induced weight gain in psychiatric patients. , 2003, Journal of psychiatric research.

[81]  P. McGorry,et al.  Non-pharmacological management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials , 2008, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[82]  J. Racoosin,et al.  Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes: response to consensus statement. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[83]  M. De Hert,et al.  Belgian consensus on metabolic problems associated with atypical antipsychotics , 2005, International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice.

[84]  H. Stassen,et al.  Mortality of patients with mood disorders: follow-up over 34-38 years. , 2002, Journal of affective disorders.

[85]  G. Maina,et al.  Prevalence and correlates of overweight in drug-naïve patients with bipolar disorder. , 2008, Journal of affective disorders.

[86]  M. DeHert,et al.  Metabolic abnormalities associated with second generation antipsychotics: fact or fiction? Development of guidelines for screening and monitoring. , 2006 .

[87]  J. Shaw,et al.  International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes , 2009, Diabetes Care.

[88]  Shah Ebrahim,et al.  European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invit , 2007, European heart journal.

[89]  A. Heald,et al.  Minimising metabolic and cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia: diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia , 2007, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[90]  G. Lambert,et al.  Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder , 2009, CNS drugs.

[91]  M. Keshavan,et al.  Hyperglycemia and Diabetes in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorders , 2007, Diabetes Care.

[92]  S. Fowler,et al.  Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. , 2002 .

[93]  Shah Ebrahim,et al.  European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. , 2007, Atherosclerosis.

[94]  C. Lawton Highlights of the 2003 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. , 2004, CANNT journal = Journal ACITN.

[95]  M. Maj,et al.  Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature , 2007, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[96]  M. De Hert,et al.  Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: a cross-sectional study. , 2006, Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH.

[97]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic. , 2006, The American journal of psychiatry.

[98]  D. Cohen,et al.  Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 2007, CNS drugs.

[99]  G. Faulkner,et al.  Schizophrenia and weight management: a systematic review of interventions to control weight , 2003, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[100]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Antipsychotic effects on estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in the CATIE schizophrenia study , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[101]  K. Taxis,et al.  COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF SCREENING FOR DIABETES IN A COHORT OFPATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[102]  W. Cahn,et al.  [Prevention and treatment of somatic complications arising from the use of antipsychotics]. , 2008, Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie.

[103]  D. Henderson Schizophrenia and comorbid metabolic disorders. , 2005, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[104]  M. Sernyak,et al.  Metabolic Monitoring for Patients Treated with Antipsychotic Medications , 2006, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[105]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Change in metabolic syndrome parameters with antipsychotic treatment in the CATIE Schizophrenia Trial: Prospective data from phase 1 , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[106]  R. Crum,et al.  Depression, psychotropic medication, and risk of myocardial infarction. Prospective data from the Baltimore ECA follow-up. , 1996, Circulation.

[107]  J. Leahy Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Implications for care , 2008 .

[108]  P. Bech,et al.  LITHIUM MAINTENANCE TREATMENT OF MANIC‐MELANCHOLIC PATIENTS: ITS ROLE IN THE DAILY ROUTINE , 1976, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[109]  J. Newcomer Antipsychotic medications: metabolic and cardiovascular risk. , 2007, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[110]  G. Chrousos The role of stress and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: neuro-endocrine and target tissue-related causes , 2000, International Journal of Obesity.

[111]  R. Holt Review: Severe mental illness, antipsychotic drugs and the metabolic syndrome: , 2006 .

[112]  Nathan Clark Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[113]  P. Haddad,et al.  Adverse Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics , 2007, CNS drugs.

[114]  C Michael Stein,et al.  Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[115]  S. Kennedy,et al.  Bipolar disorder and diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, etiology, and treatment implications. , 2005, Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists.

[116]  B. Kinon,et al.  Association Between Early and Rapid Weight Gain and Change in Weight Over One Year of Olanzapine Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders , 2005, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[117]  J. Sauver,et al.  Mortality in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: An Olmsted County, Minnesota cohort: 1950–2005 , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[118]  William E. Kraus,et al.  RETRACTED: Obesity and physical activity: A review , 2006 .

[119]  M. Heo,et al.  Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[120]  J. Lieberman,et al.  A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the CATIE study and matched controls , 2005, Schizophrenia Research.

[121]  C. S. Kumar Physical illness and schizophrenia , 2004, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[122]  M. De Hert,et al.  Abnormal glucose metabolism in patients treated with antipsychotics. , 2007, Diabetes & metabolism.

[123]  Del D. Miller,et al.  Clinicians' recognition of the metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic medications , 2005, Schizophrenia Research.

[124]  V. Vaccarino,et al.  Longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[125]  P. Mortensen,et al.  Somatic hospital contacts, invasive cardiac procedures, and mortality from heart disease in patients with severe mental disorder. , 2009, Archives of general psychiatry.

[126]  J. Peuskens,et al.  Typical and atypical antipsychotics differentially affect long-term incidence rates of the metabolic syndrome in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: A retrospective chart review , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[127]  Adrian H. Taylor,et al.  The acceptability of physical activity programming within a smoking cessation service for individuals with severe mental illness. , 2007, Patient education and counseling.

[128]  L. Citrome,et al.  Risk of Treatment-Emergent Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Receiving Antipsychotics , 2007, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[129]  L. Citrome,et al.  Do guidelines for severe mental illness promote physical health and well-being? , 2005, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[130]  M. De Hert,et al.  Prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder. , 2008, Bipolar disorders.

[131]  B. Leonard,et al.  Blood glucose and schizophrenia: a systematic review of prospective randomized clinical trials. , 2007, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[132]  J. Newcomer Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics and Metabolic Effects , 2005, CNS drugs.

[133]  R. Reznek,et al.  Increased intra-abdominal fat deposition in patients with major depressive illness as measured by computed tomography , 1997, Biological Psychiatry.

[134]  C. Correll Balancing Efficacy and Safety in Treatment with Antipsychotics , 2007, CNS Spectrums.

[135]  T. Suppes,et al.  Challenges in the management of bipolar depression. , 2005, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[136]  S. Kennedy,et al.  The effect of antidepressants on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: synthesis and mechanisms , 2006, Expert opinion on drug safety.

[137]  L. Hranov,et al.  Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trial , 2008, The Lancet.

[138]  John M. Davis,et al.  Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis , 2009, The Lancet.

[139]  W. Fenton,et al.  Mood disorders: cardiovascular and diabetes comorbidity , 2006, Current opinion in psychiatry.

[140]  C. Correll Assessing and maximizing the safety and tolerability of antipsychotics used in the treatment of children and adolescents. , 2008, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[141]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Low rates of treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in schizophrenia: Data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial sample at baseline , 2006, Schizophrenia Research.

[142]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Comorbid somatic illnesses in patients with severe mental disorders: clinical, policy, and research challenges. , 2008, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[143]  A. Waterreus,et al.  Screening for the metabolic syndrome in patients receiving antipsychotic treatment: a proposed algorithm , 2009, The Medical journal of Australia.

[144]  J. Os,et al.  Psychiatric Diagnosis as an Independent Risk Factor for Metabolic Disturbances : Results From a Comprehensive, Naturalistic Screening Program , 2008 .

[145]  J. Bobes,et al.  Cardiovascular and metabolic risk in outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: Results of the CLAMORS Study , 2007, Schizophrenia Research.

[146]  S. Stahl,et al.  Which comes first: atypical antipsychotic treatment or cardiometabolic risk? , 2009, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[147]  H. Möller,et al.  Guidelines for biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, : Part 1: Acute Treatment of Schizophrenia and Part 2: Long-term Treatment of Schizophrenia , 2005 .

[148]  P. Mackin,et al.  A prospective study of monitoring practices for metabolic disease in antipsychotic-treated community psychiatric patients , 2007, BMC psychiatry.

[149]  R. Holt,et al.  Antipsychotic drugs and diabetes—an application of the Austin Bradford Hill criteria , 2006, Diabetologia.

[150]  K. Taxis,et al.  IS IT APPROPRIATE TO USE CARDIOVASCULARRISK SCORES IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS? , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[151]  M. De Hert,et al.  Screening for diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: evaluation of incidence and screening methods. , 2006, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.