Connection Between Scripts Embedding Motor Schemes and Decision Making

Codes are crucial for biological systems because they allow control. The biological codes are interfaces between signals (whether external or internal) and functions. They codify a signal in order to give rise to appropriate functions or functional actions. Humans impose codes on external signals, thus influence biological (neural) functions in themselves and others. They do this through the mental codification of operations on physical items with the purpose of making these a codified system. The mind is a function of biological-neural processes and for this reason is able to put signals and functions in a feedback loop. Focusing on actions, we can distinguish three levels: Scripts (rational plans), schematic scenes (programming), and motor categories (execution of behavior). We can further distinguished a level of more basic motor acts, like prehension, pulling, pushing, etc. All motor categories expand in scenes while all scenes are organized in scripts. Through this code the mind maps possible operations on signals in an informational space such that the result is itself a combination of external physical units according to a code. In this way the mind can influence both its own and conspecifics’ neural excitation patterns and functions.

[1]  Gennaro Auletta,et al.  Cognitive Biology: Dealing with Information from Bacteria to Minds , 2011 .

[2]  N. A. Bernshteĭn The co-ordination and regulation of movements , 1967 .

[3]  J. Searle Intentionality: Name index , 1983 .

[4]  M. Tomasello Why We Cooperate , 2009 .

[5]  A. Iriki,et al.  Triadic (ecological, neural, cognitive) niche construction: a scenario of human brain evolution extrapolating tool use and language from the control of reaching actions , 2012, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[6]  Roger C. Schank,et al.  Dynamic Memory Revisited , 1999 .

[7]  Marc D. Hauser,et al.  The possibility of impossible cultures , 2009, Nature.

[8]  M. Tomasello The Human Adaptation for Culture , 1999 .

[9]  F. Pontén,et al.  Antibody-based Proteomics for Human Tissue Profiling , 2005, Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.

[10]  Chaoping Xing,et al.  Coding Theory: A First Course , 2004 .

[11]  W. Ashby,et al.  Every Good Regulator of a System Must Be a Model of That System , 1970 .

[12]  E. Fehr,et al.  Altruistic punishment in humans , 2002, Nature.

[13]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Neurons related to reaching-grasping arm movements in the rostral part of area 6 (area 6aβ) , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[14]  E. Kandel In search of memory : the emergence of a new science of mind , 2007 .

[15]  Paul Horwich The Nature of Meaning , 2008 .

[16]  L Jaeger,et al.  Top-down causation by information control: from a philosophical problem to a scientific research programme , 2007, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[17]  M. Tomasello Origins of human communication , 2008 .

[18]  A. Iriki,et al.  Extending mind, visuospatial integration, and the evolution of the parietal lobes in the human genus , 2016 .

[19]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind: Naturalism and dualism in the study of language and mind , 2008 .

[20]  U. Fischbacher,et al.  The nature of human altruism , 2003, Nature.

[21]  Herbert Gintis,et al.  The hitchhiker's guide to altruism: gene-culture coevolution, and the internalization of norms. , 2003, Journal of theoretical biology.

[22]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Predictive coding under the free-energy principle , 2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[23]  J. Searle Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind , 1983 .

[24]  Gennaro Auletta,et al.  Information and Metabolism in Bacterial Chemotaxis , 2013, Entropy.

[25]  Andrew Whiten,et al.  Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and the question of cumulative culture: an experimental approach , 2008, Animal Cognition.

[26]  M. Jeannerod The neural and behavioural organization of goal-directed movements , 1990, Psychological Medicine.

[27]  G. Auletta Teleonomy: The Feedback Circuit Involving Information and Thermodynamic Processes , 2011 .

[28]  Marc Jeannerod,et al.  Motor Cognition: What Actions Tell the Self , 2006 .

[29]  Chaoping Xing,et al.  Coding Theory: Index , 2004 .

[30]  C. Frith Making up the Mind: How the Brain Creates Our Mental World , 2007 .

[31]  R. J. Seitz,et al.  Valuating other people’s emotional face expression: a combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography study , 2008, Neuroscience.

[32]  R J Seitz,et al.  Processing of subliminal facial expressions of emotion: A behavioral and fMRI study , 2013, Social neuroscience.

[33]  B. Libet Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[34]  John Tooby,et al.  Adaptive specializations, social exchange, and the evolution of human intelligence , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[35]  J. Fodor The Language of Thought , 1980 .

[36]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Parietal Lobe: From Action Organization to Intention Understanding , 2005, Science.

[37]  M. Tomasello A Natural History of Human Thinking , 2014 .

[38]  R. Seitz,et al.  Value judgments and self-control of action: The role of the medial frontal cortex , 2009, Brain Research Reviews.

[39]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Cognitive Dynamics: From Attractors to Active Inference , 2014, Proceedings of the IEEE.