Aging effects on physical and mechanical properties of spruce, fir and oak wood

Various aspects of natural aging on wood, such as the physical and mechanical property changes as well as colour changes, were investigated on wood of Norway spruce, silver fir and European oak. Thereby, aged wood from several historical or old, deconstructed buildings were compared with recent wood samples. It could be shown that aging modifies wood colour and causes a reduction of impact bending strength, whereas sorption and swelling as well as bending and fracture toughness do not, or only partly, show a modification over extended time.

[1]  Markus Deublein,et al.  Determination of dynamic elastic moduli and shear moduli of aged wood by means of ultrasonic devices , 2014 .

[2]  Achim Unger,et al.  Conservation of wood artifacts , 2001 .

[3]  Stefanie E. Stanzl-Tschegg,et al.  Fracture characteristics of different wood species under mode I loading perpendicular to the grain , 2002 .

[4]  J. Kohara,et al.  Studies of Japanese Old Timbers , 1961 .

[5]  E. Lehmann,et al.  On-line monitoring of hygroscopicity and dimensional changes of wood during thermal modification by means of neutron imaging methods , 2014 .

[6]  J. Sugiyama,et al.  Aging of wood: Analysis of color changes during natural aging and heat treatment , 2011 .

[7]  V. Jirouš-Rajković,et al.  Colour changes of modified oak wood in indoor environment , 2011, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products.

[8]  Peter Niemz,et al.  Untersuchungen zu ausgewählten Eigenschaften von Fichtenklangholz aus Graubünden , 2008, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[9]  R. Görlacher,et al.  Ein neues Meßverfahren zur Bestimmung des Elastizitätsmoduls von Holz , 1984, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[10]  Peter Niemz,et al.  Moisture-dependent elastic and strength anisotropy of European beech wood in tension , 2012, Journal of Materials Science.

[11]  A. Act,et al.  MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND FAILURE BEHAVIOUR OF YEW AND SPRUCE DETERMITED WITH A COMPACT TENSION TEST AND DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION , 2012 .

[12]  P. Niemz,et al.  Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu ausgewählten mechanischen Eigenschaften von Eibe und Fichte | Comparative studies on selected mechanical properties of yew and spruce (reviewed paper) , 2005 .

[13]  P. Bekhta,et al.  Effect of High Temperature on the Change in Color, Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood , 2003 .

[14]  H. Schulz,et al.  Eigenschaften eines Fichtenbalkens aus altem Dachstuhl , 1984, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[15]  P. Niemz,et al.  The influence of compression failure on the bending, impact bending and tensile strength of spruce wood and the evaluation of non-destructive methods for early detection , 2004, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[16]  Joseph Gril,et al.  Comparison of the hygroscopic behaviour of 205-year-old and recently cut juvenile wood from Pinus sylvestris L. , 2006 .

[17]  Junji Sugiyama,et al.  Mechanical characteristics of aged Hinoki wood from Japanese historical buildings , 2009 .

[18]  Marion F. Mecklenburg,et al.  New versus old wood: differences and similarities in physical, mechanical, and chemical properties , 1996 .

[19]  Shang-Tzen Chang,et al.  Correlation between softwood discoloration induced by accelerated lightfastness testing and by indoor exposure , 2001 .

[20]  E. Bäucker,et al.  Holzeigenschaften stark immissionsgeschädigter Fichten (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in den Hochlagen des Osterzgebirges , 1996, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[21]  C. Hansmann,et al.  Wood surface discolouration due to simulated indoor sunlight exposure , 2008, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[22]  L. Dénes,et al.  Photodegradation of heat treated hardwood veneers. , 2013, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.