The interaction between intermittent renewable energy and the electricity, heating and transport sectors.

In a global perspective, it is essential that the world transfers from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources in order to minimise climate change effects. As a part of such transition energy savings are also important, as they can decrease production costs effectively. The nature of such a change is that it has to be implemented on a local level. Energy saving technologies are placed with the demand decrease and renewable energy is typically distributed where the resources are. In some parts of the world, energy savings have resulted in a stabilisation of the energy demands, however in the world as such, demands are still increasing in buildings, transport and industry. Although the demand has increased approx. 32% overall, the share of renewable energy has increased from 12.7% in 1990 to 13% in 2010 [1], in this way demonstrating that renewables can effectively cope with the world energy requirements – even in a context characterized by a continuously increasing demand. Even in the current financial crisis, renewable energy is expanding heavily [2]. The most used renewable energy is biomass ; however there has been a significant increase in wind power and in photovoltaic in the last ten years. Such development in the intermittent renewable energy sources requires knowledge about the interaction between supply and demand sides of energy.

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