From Business Services to Web Services: an MDA Approach

At present, enterprises need sophisticated software applications to sell and promote their products or services in order to maintain their leadership in the business world. One of the most promising trends is the Web services technology as the appropriate mechanism to implement e-business, which uses Internet to replicate services offered by an enterprise. However, despite the clear advantages of Web services, there are problems in determining the initial functionalities required by them. Currently, Web services functionalities are not obtained in a systematic manner from the organizational environment. Therefore, it is complicated to ensure that Web services fit the business user’s needs. In this paper we face this problem by defining a methodological approach to generate Web services from organizational descriptions. The Model-Driven Architecture has been used in this work in order to ensure the systematic translation of modeling primitives of the organizational model into their corresponding WSDL services descriptions.

[1]  Valeria de Castro,et al.  WSDL automatic generation from UML models in a MDA framework , 2005, International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices (NWeSP'05).

[2]  Robert Winter,et al.  Method construction - a core approach to organizational engineering , 2005, SAC '05.

[3]  Xavier Franch,et al.  A Method for the Definition of Metrics over i* Models , 2009, CAiSE.

[4]  Mary Shaw,et al.  Engineering Self-Adaptive Systems through Feedback Loops , 2009, Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems.

[5]  Markus Strohmaier,et al.  Can Patterns Improve i* Modeling? Two Exploratory Studies , 2008, REFSQ.

[6]  Neil A. M. Maiden,et al.  Using Satisfaction Arguments to Enhance i* Modelling of an Air Traffic Management System , 2007, 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2007).

[7]  Aditya K. Ghose,et al.  Definition of a Description Language for Business Service Decomposition , 2010, IESS.

[8]  Carla Schuenemann,et al.  A Comparison of Goal-Oriented Approaches to Model Software Product Lines Variability , 2009, ER Workshops.

[9]  Alexei Lapouchnian,et al.  From Adaptive Systems Design to Autonomous Agent Design , 2010 .

[10]  E. Yu,et al.  Modules , 2019, Int. J. Algebra Comput..

[11]  Axel van Lamsweerde,et al.  Handling Obstacles in Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering , 2000, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[12]  Maryam Fazel-Zarandi,et al.  Ontology-Based Expertise Finding , 2008, PAKM.

[13]  Tommi Mikkonen,et al.  Formalizing design patterns , 1998, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[14]  Juan Sánchez,et al.  Configuring the Variability of Business Process Models Using Non-Functional Requirements , 2010, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[15]  Jaap Gordijn,et al.  e3forces: Understanding Strategies of Networked e 3 value Constellations by Analyzing Environmental Forces , 2007, CAiSE.

[16]  Ilia Bider,et al.  Towards a formal definition of goal-oriented business process patterns , 2005, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[17]  David M. Weiss,et al.  Software Product Line Engineering , 2005, SEKE.

[18]  Mary Shaw,et al.  Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems: A Research Roadmap , 2009, Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems.

[19]  Raian Ali,et al.  A Goal Modeling Framework for Self-contextualizable Software , 2009, BMMDS/EMMSAD.

[20]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  Requirements Engineering for Control Systems Development in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises , 2008, 2008 16th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference.

[21]  Peter Sawyer,et al.  When to Adapt? Identification of Problem Domains for Adaptive Systems , 2008, REFSQ.

[22]  Oscar Pastor,et al.  A Service-oriented Approach for the i* Framework , 2008, iStar.

[23]  Jordi Cabot,et al.  Situational Evaluation of Method Fragments: An Evidence-Based Goal-Oriented Approach , 2010, CAiSE.

[24]  Norbert Seyff,et al.  On the meaning of inheritance in i , 2007 .

[25]  Frank Budinsky,et al.  Eclipse Modeling Framework , 2003 .

[26]  Aditya K. Ghose,et al.  Hierarchic decomposition in agent oriented conceptual modelling , 2004, Fourth International Conference onQuality Software, 2004. QSIC 2004. Proceedings..

[27]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Towards Augmenting Requirements Models with Preferences , 2009, 2009 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering.

[28]  Bill Curtis,et al.  On building software process models under the lamppost , 1987, ICSE '87.

[29]  Daniel Amyot,et al.  Evaluating goal models within the goal‐oriented requirement language , 2010, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[30]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  Evaluating Goal Achievement in Enterprise Modeling - An Interactive Procedure and Experiences , 2009, PoEM.

[31]  Fabio Casati,et al.  Model-Driven Web Service Development , 2004, CAiSE.

[32]  Xavier Franch,et al.  Incorporating Modules into the i* Framework , 2010, CAiSE.

[33]  Yixin Diao,et al.  Feedback Control of Computing Systems , 2004 .

[34]  Renata S. S. Guizzardi,et al.  Agent-oriented Constructivist Knowledge Management , 2006 .

[35]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  Interactive Analysis of Agent-Goal Models in Enterprise Modeling , 2010, Int. J. Inf. Syst. Model. Des..

[36]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Representing and Using Nonfunctional Requirements: A Process-Oriented Approach , 1992, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[37]  Lam-Son Lê,et al.  Strategy Representation Using an i*-like Notation , 2010 .

[38]  Ji Zhang,et al.  The Four Levels of Requirements Engineering for and in Dynamic Adaptive Systems , 2005 .

[39]  Bernhard Rumpe,et al.  Meaningful modeling: what's the semantics of "semantics"? , 2004, Computer.

[40]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  Evolution in Domain Model-Based Requirements Engineering for Control Systems Development , 2009, 2009 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference.

[41]  Xavier Franch,et al.  On the Adequacy of i* Models for Representing and Analyzing Software Architectures , 2007, ER Workshops.

[42]  Maria Jocelia Silva U-TROPOS: uma proposta de processo unificado para apoiar o desenvolvimento de software orientado a agentes , 2008 .

[43]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  Towards modelling and reasoning support for early-phase requirements engineering , 1997, Proceedings of ISRE '97: 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering.

[44]  Colette Rolland,et al.  A strategy driven business process modelling approach , 2005, Bus. Process. Manag. J..

[45]  Andrea Omicini,et al.  Agens Faber: Toward a Theory of Artefacts for MAS , 2006, Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci..

[46]  Xavier Franch,et al.  On the Quantitative Analysis of Agent-Oriented Models , 2006, CAiSE.

[47]  Alex Sandro Gomes,et al.  Mapping Activity Theory Diagrams into i* Organizational Models , 2005 .

[48]  Eric Yu,et al.  Improving Requirements Specifications in Model-Driven Development Processes , 2008 .

[49]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology , 2004, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[50]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Designing Web services with Tropos , 2004 .

[51]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  The Tropos Metamodel and its Use , 2005, Informatica.

[52]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Designing Web services with Tropos , 2004, Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Web Services, 2004..

[53]  Wei Cai,et al.  GRIDKIT: Pluggable Overlay Networks for Grid Computing , 2004, CoopIS/DOA/ODBASE.

[54]  Rogério de Lemos,et al.  Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems , 2012, ICSE 2012.

[55]  Oscar Pastor,et al.  Integration of domain-specific modelling languages and UML through UML profile extension mechanism , 2009, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Appl..

[56]  Eric Yu,et al.  Modeling Strategic Relationships for Process Reengineering , 1995, Social Modeling for Requirements Engineering.

[57]  Yves Lespérance,et al.  Agent-Oriented Requirements Engineering Using ConGolog and i* , 2001 .

[58]  Lin Liu,et al.  Designing Web-Based Systems in Social Context: A Goal and Scenario Based Approach , 2002, CAiSE.

[59]  安達 久俊,et al.  Eclipseモデリングフレームワーク : Java、XML、UMLを統合するオープンソースフレームワーク , 2005 .

[60]  Peter Sawyer,et al.  Requirements Tracing to Support Change in Dynamically Adaptive Systems , 2009, REFSQ.

[61]  Heather Goldsby,et al.  Goal-Based Modeling of Dynamically Adaptive System Requirements , 2008, 15th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ecbs 2008).

[62]  Daniel Gross,et al.  Evolving system architecture to meet changing business goals: an agent and goal-oriented approach , 2001, Proceedings Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering.

[63]  Anna Perini,et al.  Towards goal-oriented development of self-adaptive systems , 2008, SEAMS '08.

[64]  Gerhard Lakemeyer,et al.  SNet: A Modeling and Simulation Environment for Agent Networks Based on i* and ConGolog , 2002, CAiSE.

[65]  Jelena Zdravkovic,et al.  Exploring Risk-Awareness in i * Models , 2010 .

[66]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Risk Modelling and Reasoning in Goal Models , 2006 .

[67]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  Do viewpoints lead to better conceptual models? An exploratory case study , 2005, 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE'05).

[68]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Awareness requirements for adaptive systems , 2011, SEAMS '11.

[69]  Hugo Estrada,et al.  A Goal-Oriented Approach for Workflow Monitoring 119 , 2010 .

[70]  Xavier Franch,et al.  Towards a Catalogue of Patterns for defining Metrics over i* Models , 2008, JISBD.

[71]  João Pimentel,et al.  A Model Transformation Approach to Derive Architectural Models from Goal-Oriented Requirements Models , 2009, OTM Workshops.

[72]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Simple and Minimum-Cost Satisfiability for Goal Models , 2004, CAiSE.

[73]  Neil A. M. Maiden,et al.  An online forum as a user diary for remote workplace evaluation of a work-integrated learning system , 2009, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[74]  Jean Bézivin,et al.  ATL: A model transformation tool , 2008, Sci. Comput. Program..

[75]  Lin Liu,et al.  Analyzing trust in technology strategies , 2006, PST.

[76]  João Pimentel,et al.  Conditions for ignoring failures based on a requirements model , 2010, SEKE.

[77]  Xavier Franch,et al.  J-PRiM: A Java Tool for a Process Reengineering i* Methodology , 2006, 14th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE'06).

[78]  Márcia Lucena,et al.  Towards a unified metamodel for i* , 2008, 2008 Second International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science.

[79]  Xavier Franch,et al.  Defining Inheritance in i* at the Level of SR Intentional Elements , 2008, iStar.

[80]  Stephen Fickas,et al.  Goal-Directed Requirements Acquisition , 1993, Sci. Comput. Program..

[81]  Daniel Gross,et al.  Architectural Design to Meet Stakeholder Requirements , 1999, WICSA.

[82]  Patrick Heymans,et al.  Improving the Effectiveness of Visual Representations in Requirements Engineering: An Evaluation of i* Visual Syntax , 2009, 2009 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference.

[83]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Towards requirements-driven information systems engineering: the Tropos project , 2002, Inf. Syst..

[84]  Haruhiko Kaiya,et al.  GOORE : Goal-Oriented and Ontology Driven Requirements Elicitation Method , 2007, ER Workshops.

[85]  João Araújo,et al.  Towards modular i* models , 2010, SAC '10.

[86]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Specifying and analyzing early requirements in Tropos , 2004, Requirements Engineering.

[87]  Massimo Cossentino,et al.  Introducing Motivations in Design Pattern Representation , 2009, ICSR.

[88]  Axel van Lamsweerde,et al.  Requirements Engineering: From System Goals to UML Models to Software Specifications , 2009 .

[89]  Mike P. Papazoglou,et al.  Design Methodology for Web Services and Business Processes , 2002, TES.

[90]  Daniel Amyot,et al.  A Lightweight GRL Profile for i* Modeling , 2009, ER Workshops.

[91]  Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite,et al.  On Non-Functional Requirements in Software Engineering , 2009, Conceptual Modeling: Foundations and Applications.

[92]  Eric Yu,et al.  Agent orientation as a modelling paradigm , 2001, Wirtschaftsinf..

[93]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  Qualitative, Interactive, Backward Analysis of i* Models , 2008, iStar.

[94]  Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite,et al.  Understanding the Strategic Actor Diagram: an Exercise of Meta Modeling , 2007, WER.

[95]  Xavier Franch,et al.  The i * Mark-up Language : REFERENCE ’ S GUIDE , 2006 .

[96]  H. D. Rombach,et al.  The Goal Question Metric Approach , 1994 .

[97]  Axel van Lamsweerde,et al.  Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Guided Tour , 2001, RE.

[98]  J. Mylopoulos,et al.  Towards requirements-driven autonomic systems design , 2005, ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes.

[99]  P. Checkland Soft Systems Methodology: A Thirty Year Retrospective a , 2000 .

[100]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  High variability design for software agents: Extending Tropos , 2007, TAAS.

[101]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  Mapping Requirement Models to Mathematical Models in Control System Development , 2009, ECMDA-FA.

[102]  Jaelson Brelaz de Castro,et al.  Extracting the Best Features of Two Tropos Approaches for the Efficient Design of MAS , 2007, CIbSE.

[103]  Anand S. Rao,et al.  BDI Agents: From Theory to Practice , 1995, ICMAS.

[104]  Hugo Estrada Esquivel,et al.  A service-oriented approach for the i* framework , 2008 .

[105]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  How to Keep Domain Requirements Models Reasonably Sized , 2009, 2009 Second International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge.

[106]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Designing Law-Compliant Software Requirements , 2009, ER.

[107]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  From object-oriented to goal-oriented requirements analysis , 1999, CACM.

[108]  Neil A. M. Maiden,et al.  PRiM: An i*-based process reengineering method for information systems specification , 2008, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[109]  Reza Samavi,et al.  Strategic reasoning about business models: a conceptual modeling approach , 2009, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[110]  Marco Pistore,et al.  Model checking early requirements specifications in Tropos , 2001, Proceedings Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering.

[111]  Tan Jun,et al.  Software Develop Method Construction A Kernel Approach to Organizational Engineering , 2009, 2009 WRI World Congress on Software Engineering.

[112]  Matthias Jarke,et al.  Metamodeling for Method Engineering , 2009 .

[113]  John Mylopoulos,et al.  Modeling Domain Variability in Requirements Engineering with Contexts , 2009, ER.

[114]  Roy Grønmo,et al.  Model-Driven Web Service Development , 2004, Int. J. Web Serv. Res..

[115]  Eric S. K. Yu,et al.  A Qualitative, Interactive Evaluation Procedure for Goal- and Agent-Oriented Models , 2009, CAiSE Forum.

[116]  Sanjay Bose,et al.  Impact of service-oriented architecture on enterprise systems, organizational structures, and individuals , 2005, IBM Syst. J..

[117]  A. P. Carrillo Newcomb Hohfeld, Wesley: Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning , 1965 .

[118]  Oscar Pastor,et al.  Model-driven architecture in practice - a software production environment based on conceptual modeling , 2007 .

[119]  Anna Perini,et al.  Towards interoperability of i* models using iStarML , 2011, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[120]  Cmmi Architecture Team Introduction to the Architecture of the CMMI Framework , 2007 .

[121]  Gordon S. Blair,et al.  Models@ run.time , 2009, Computer.

[122]  Anna Perini,et al.  iStarML: An XML-based Model Interchange Format for i* , 2008, iStar.