Concept and development of an autonomous wearable micro-fluidic platform for real time pH sweat analysis

Abstract In this work the development of an autonomous, robust and wearable micro-fluidic platform capable of performing on-line analysis of pH in sweat is discussed. Through the means of an optical detection system based on a surface mount light emitting diode (SMD LED) and a light photo sensor as a detector, a wearable system was achieved in which real-time monitoring of sweat pH was performed during 55 min of cycling activity. We have shown how through systems engineering, integrating miniaturised electrical components, and by improving the micro-fluidic chip characteristics, the wearability, reliability and performance of the micro-fluidic platform was significantly improved.

[1]  A. G. R. Whitehouse The dissolved constituents of human sweat. , 1935 .

[2]  Mark J. Patterson,et al.  The reproducibility of closed-pouch sweat collection and thermoregulatory responses to exercise–heat stress , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[3]  Dermot Diamond,et al.  A wearable electrochemical sensor for the real-time measurement of sweat sodium concentration , 2010 .

[4]  V. Camel,et al.  Analysis of human male armpit sweat after fenugreek ingestion: Characterisation of odour active compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and olfactometry. , 2011, Food chemistry.

[5]  Andrea Ridolfi,et al.  BIOTEX—Biosensing Textiles for Personalised Healthcare Management , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[6]  S. Galloway,et al.  Variations in Regional Sweat Composition in Normal Human Males , 2000, Experimental physiology.

[7]  Jacob Fraden,et al.  Handbook of modern sensors , 1997 .

[8]  Brendan O'Flynn,et al.  25 mm sensor–actuator layer: A miniature, highly adaptable interface layer , 2006 .

[9]  Dermot Diamond,et al.  Bio-sensing textile based patch with integrated optical detection system for sweat monitoring , 2009 .

[10]  S. Galloway,et al.  Effect of induced metabolic alkalosis on sweat composition in men. , 2002, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[11]  Brendan O'Flynn,et al.  A 3D miniaturised programmable transceiver , 2005 .

[12]  S. Shirreffs,et al.  Development of individual hydration strategies for athletes. , 2008, International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism.

[13]  K. Wilke,et al.  A short history of sweat gland biology , 2007, International journal of cosmetic science.

[14]  H. Korting,et al.  The pH of the Skin Surface and Its Impact on the Barrier Function , 2006, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[15]  D. Kidwell,et al.  Testing for drugs of abuse in saliva and sweat. , 1998, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[16]  R. W. Sabnis Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators , 2007 .

[17]  A. Timerbaev,et al.  Simultaneous monitoring of inorganic cations, amines and amino acids in human sweat by capillary electrophoresis. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[18]  S. Shirreffs,et al.  Whole body sweat collection in humans: an improved method with preliminary data on electrolyte content. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  Wei Shen,et al.  Thread as a versatile material for low-cost microfluidic diagnostics. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[20]  Alan F. Smeaton,et al.  Pump less wearable microfluidic device for real time pH sweat monitoring , 2009 .

[21]  B.R. Soller,et al.  Design of intravascular fiber optic blood gas sensors , 1994, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[22]  G. R. Brisson,et al.  A simple and disposable sweat collector , 2004, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[23]  Mauro Bertotti,et al.  The use of a gold disc microelectrode for the determination of copper in human sweat. , 2010, Talanta.

[24]  Lewis Webster,et al.  CYSTIC FIBROSIS SCREENING BY SWEAT ANALYSIS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES , 1977, The Medical journal of Australia.