Particle image velocimetry in the investigation of flow past artificial heart valves

Full-field measurement of instantaneous velocities in the flow field of artificial heart valves is vital as the flow is unsteady and turbulent. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) provides us the ability to do this as compared to other point measurement devices where the velocity is measured at a single point in space over time. In the development of a PIV system to investigate the flow field of artificial heart valves, many problems associated with the project arose and were subsequently resolved. Experience gained in the setting up of an environment conducive for PIV studies of artificial heart valves; from seed particle selection to refractive index matching, and the evolution of computer algorithms to satisfy the varied flow conditions in artificial heart valves are presented here. Velocity profiles and distributions are computed and drawn for a porcine tissue heart valve based on measurements with the PIV system developed.

[1]  Richard Figliola,et al.  Fluid Stresses in the Vicinity of Disk, Ball, and Tilting Disk Prosthetic Heart Valves From In-Vitro Measurements , 1977 .

[2]  K Affeld,et al.  The use of image processing in the investigation of artificial heart valve flow. , 1989, ASAIO transactions.

[3]  T. C. Chew,et al.  Improving the dynamic range of particle tracking velocimetry systems , 1994 .

[4]  W. D. Bachalo,et al.  AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SPEED PARTICLE RESPONSE IN TURBULENT FLOWS , 1992 .

[5]  K. Chandran,et al.  Pulsatile flow experiments on heart valve prostheses , 1983, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[6]  W. M. Swanson,et al.  Dimensions and Geometric Relationships of the Human Aortic Value as a Function of Pressure , 1974, Circulation research.

[7]  A P Yoganathan,et al.  In-vitro fluid dynamic characteristics of the abiomed trileaflet heart valve prosthesis. , 1983, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[8]  R. Adrian.  Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics , 1991 .

[9]  B. Roy Frieden,et al.  Fast tracking algorithm for multiframe particle image velocimetry data. , 1989, Applied optics.

[10]  H. Grandin.  Fundamentals of the finite element method , 1986 .

[11]  A. A. Adamczyk,et al.  2-Dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (PTV): Technique and image processing algorithms , 1988 .

[12]  J C Woodard,et al.  Optimal management of a ventricular assist system. Contribution of flow visualization studies. , 1992, ASAIO journal.

[13]  Richard J. Perkins,et al.  Particle Tracking in Turbulent Flows , 1989 .

[14]  J. Riley,et al.  Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a nonuniform flow , 1983 .

[15]  H. Reul,et al.  Pressure drop and velocity fields at four mechanical heart valve prostheses: Björk-Shiley Standard, Björk-Shiley Concave-Convex, Hall-Kaster and St. Jude Medical. , 1983, Life support systems : the journal of the European Society for Artificial Organs.

[16]  Harvey S. Borovetz,et al.  Fluorescent image-tracking velocimetry algorithms for quantitative flow analysis in artificial organ devices , 1993, Electronic Imaging.

[17]  J. Hinze,et al.  TURBULENT FLUID AND PARTICLE INTERACTION , 1972 .

[18]  P. Hutchinson,et al.  The Interaction of Solid or Liquid Particles and Turbulent Fluid Flow Fields—A Numerical Simulation , 1979 .

[19]  J. A. Simo.  Turbulent transport of inertial aerosols , 1991 .