Incidence and prevalence of postpartum depression in a rural community of India

Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as presence of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. A seemingly innocuous disorder, if untreated can lead to foeticide or maternal suicide. Unfortunately there are very few studies which have looked into the burden of the disease. The prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression vary across culture, region and communities, with very few studies having addressed the issue, thereby making it difficult to estimate the actual burden of the disease. The present study was undertaken to estimate the incidence and prevalence of postpartum depression in a rural community of India. A cohort of 200 pregnant women were interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy and subsequently at 6 weeks postpartum to screen for presence and severity of depressive symptoms using BDI, ICD10 and EPDS scores. A cutoff score > 13 was considered as positive for depression in EPDS. The prevalence of PPD was 12% and incidence of PPD 4.4%.

[1]  S. A. Hinai,et al.  Prospective study on prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Al-dakhliya governorate in oman. , 2014 .

[2]  Wang-Zhong Chen,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in a population-based sample of women in Tangxia Community, Guangzhou. , 2014, Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine.

[3]  Ç. Gereklioğlu,et al.  The Incidence of and Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression at an Urban Maternity Clinic in Turkey , 2013, International journal of psychiatry in medicine.

[4]  B. Panyayong.  Postpartum depression among Thai women: a national survey. , 2013, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet.

[5]  Abdulbari Bener,et al.  A study of postpartum depression and maternal risk factors in Qatar , 2013, Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology.

[6]  M. L. Pedersen,et al.  Prevalence of postpartum depression in Nuuk, Greenland – a cross-sectional study using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale , 2013, International journal of circumpolar health.

[7]  L. Callister,et al.  Prevalence of postpartum depression among Hispanic immigrant women , 2012, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

[8]  R. Arora,et al.  Prevalence and associated risk factors for postpartum depression in women attending a tertiary hospital, Delhi, India , 2012, The International journal of social psychiatry.

[9]  I. Grant,et al.  Postnatal depression among Bahraini women: prevalence of symptoms and psychosocial risk factors. , 2012, Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit.

[10]  D. Creedy,et al.  Prevalence and factors associated with the development of antenatal and postnatal depression among Jordanian women. , 2011, Midwifery.

[11]  C. Dubertret,et al.  Prevalence and correlates of major depressive episode in pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. , 2011, Journal of affective disorders.

[12]  J. Kuk,et al.  RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Prevalence and characteristics of Postpartum Depression symptomatology among Canadian , 2022 .

[13]  R. Magnezi,et al.  Postpartum depression among Israeli Bedouin women , 2011, Archives of Women's Mental Health.

[14]  Emese Nagy,et al.  Prevalence rates and socioeconomic characteristics of post-partum depression in Hungary , 2011, Psychiatry Research.

[15]  M. Kuçuk,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors concerning postpartum depression among women within early postnatal periods in Turkey , 2011, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[16]  B. Antonisamy,et al.  Post-Partum Depression in the Community: a Qualitative Study From Rural South India , 2010, The International journal of social psychiatry.

[17]  K. Glavin,et al.  Prevalence of postpartum depression in two municipalities in Norway. , 2009, Scandinavian journal of caring sciences.

[18]  G. Primerano,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors of postnatal depression among women attending antenatal courses , 2009, Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale.

[19]  P. Grussu,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors for a high level of postnatal depression symptomatology in Italian women: A sample drawn from ante-natal classes , 2009, European Psychiatry.

[20]  J. Ballenger.  Clinically Identified Maternal Depression Before, During, and After Pregnancies Ending in Live Births , 2009 .

[21]  K. Akhigbe,et al.  Incidence and associated risk factors of postpartum depression in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. , 2008, Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal.

[22]  S. Fuchs,et al.  Postnatal depression in Southern Brazil: prevalence and its demographic and socioeconomic determinants , 2008, BMC psychiatry.

[23]  F. AnaMaríaPóo,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression in puerperal women consulting in primary care , 2008 .

[24]  Ana María Póo F,et al.  [Prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression in puerperal women consulting in primary care]. , 2008, Revista medica de Chile.

[25]  V. O’Keane,et al.  Depression during pregnancy , 2007, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[26]  S. Gulseren,et al.  From antepartum to postpartum: a prospective study on the prevalence of peripartum depression in a semiurban Turkish community. , 2006, The Journal of reproductive medicine.

[27]  J. Nakku,et al.  Postpartum major depression at six weeks in primary health care: prevalence and associated factors. , 2006, African health sciences.

[28]  Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro,et al.  Prevalência da depressão pós-parto e fatores associados , 2006 .

[29]  A. Tiryaki,et al.  [Incidence of postpartum depression in Trabzon province and risk factors at gestation]. , 2006, Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry.

[30]  B. Horta,et al.  [Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors]. , 2006, Revista de saude publica.

[31]  T. Liabsuetrakul,et al.  Cohort study of depressive moods in Thai women during late pregnancy and 6–8 weeks of postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) , 2006, Archives of Women's Mental Health.

[32]  M. Agoub,et al.  Prevalence of postpartum depression in a Moroccan sample , 2005, Archives of Women’s Mental Health.

[33]  L. Baker,et al.  Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in a Native American Population , 2005, Maternal and Child Health Journal.

[34]  G. Ekuklu,et al.  Prevalence of postpartum depression in Edirne, Turkey, and related factors. , 2004, Journal of reproductive medicine.

[35]  S. Hung.  Prevalence, nature, severity and correlates of postpartum depressive symptoms in Vietnam , 2004 .

[36]  D. Stewart,et al.  POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS , 2003 .

[37]  G. Sydsjö,et al.  Prevalence of depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum , 2001, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.

[38]  C. Epperson.  Postpartum major depression: detection and treatment. , 1999, American family physician.

[39]  T. Chung,et al.  Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women , 1998, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[40]  S. Yip,et al.  Suicide and maternal mortality in Hong Kong , 1997, The Lancet.

[41]  C. Ballard,et al.  Prevalence of Postnatal Psychiatric Morbidity in Mothers and Fathers , 1994, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[42]  G. Stamp,et al.  Postnatal Depression: A South Australian Prospective Survey , 1994, The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology.