Genomics of enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteria were among the earliest targets for genome sequencing and are still the most densely sampled clade of bacteria in the genomics arena. Twenty complete genome sequences are available for members of the family as of September 2004, and the NCBI list of genomes in progress includes another 20 enterobacteria. This is undoubtedly an underestimate of the sequences that will be available for enterobacteria in the coming two years. Among the complete genomes are representatives of nine genera, including Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Erwinia, Buchnera, Photorhabdus, Wigglesworthia, and Candidatus Blochmannia. Genomes in progress will add additional strains and species of these, as well as additional genera such as Klebsiella, Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Dickeya, and Pantoea. Among these are standard laboratory research strains, human pathogens, livestock pathogens, plant pathogens, and insect endosymbionts. Each genome sequence aids in understanding the biology of the individual organism, but some of the greatest insights come from comparisons between the genomes. For many of these genera, sequences are available for multiple species or strains, providing unique perspectives on genome-wide polymorphism. Enterobacteria are also very experimentally tractable, and we are beginning to see a boom in downstream research making use of the sequences. Keywords: genomes; enterobacteria; E. coli, pathogens; endosymbionts; comparative genomics; horizontal transfer; rearrangement; evolution

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