Trace Information Extraction (TIE): A new approach to extract structural information from traces in geological maps

Abstract Geological maps are crucial for the interpretation of geological structures. Next to orientation measurements, fault traces and bedrock interface traces account for an important part of the exposure of structural information on maps. However, traces are often disregarded due to the high degree of uncertainty associated with their localization. This results in the amplification of these uncertainties in structural models. We propose a new methodology that analyses and classifies traces so that their geometrical characteristics are more explicit. The technique, called “Trace Information Extraction” (TIE), performs an incremental scanning of the trace and extracts two variation signals along the trace. The relationship between these signals informs about the orientation information stability of the geological surface hosted by the trace and about the minimal surface bend that is needed to fit the trace. This makes it possible to quickly recognize geometrically complex and potentially inconsistent traces, identify subtle structures in a more quantified manner, and more easily compare with orientation measurements and other structural information. The TIE can be used during the map revision of older data-sets as well as during the edition of new maps. A Matlab® toolbox performing the TIE is available on GitHub: https://github.com/geoloar/TIE-toolbox .