Epidemiologic studies on cleft lip and/or palate: Part 3

Parents were compared between 194 cases and 194 controls to explore the sociocultural backgrounds and genetico-physical characteristics for the development of cleft lip and/or palate.Major findings which emerged from the present analysis arc as follows:(1) Parental birthplace, parental ages at marriage and at birth including age difference, frequencies of pregnancy, miscarriage or stillbirth, number of family members, type of living quarters, and pets breeding were not significantly different between cases and controls.(2) Parental education attainment was significantly different; fewer university graduates and more parents who completed only junior high school in cases than in controls.(3) Fathers significantly worked more often as professional and technical workers in controls, but more parents were unskilled laborers and service workers in cases.(4) On the average, parents were much shorter and fathers weighted much less in cases than in controls, with statistical significance.(5) Mothers experienced artificial abortions more often in cases than in controls.(6) Frequency of cleft lip and/or palate in relatives was significantly higher in cases, and parental consanguineous marriage was also more prevalent in cases.

[1]  N. Nevin,et al.  Influence of Social Class on the Risk of Recurrence of Anencephalus and Spina Bifida , 1981, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[2]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Congenital malformations by the parental occupation in finland , 1980, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[3]  P. Holmberg,et al.  Congenital defects and occupational factors. A comparison of different methodological approaches. , 1979, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[4]  T. Holford,et al.  Induced abortion and congenital malformations in offspring of subsequent pregnancies. , 1979, American journal of epidemiology.

[5]  Chung Cs,et al.  Factors affecting risks of congenital malformations. I. Analysis of epidemiologic factors in congenital malformations. Report from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. , 1975 .

[6]  S. Pruzansky,et al.  Epidermiologic relationship of age of parents to type and extent of facial clefts. , 1968, Acta chirurgiae plasticae.

[7]  S. Hay.  Incidence of clefts and parental age. , 1967, The Cleft palate journal.

[8]  S. Kerschbaum,et al.  EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF CLEFT LIP AND CLEFT PALATE IN FOUR STATES. , 1964, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[9]  R. H. Ivy.  THE INFLUENCE OF RACE ON THE INCIDENCE OF CERTAIN CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, NOTABLY CLEFT LIP-CLEFT PALATE , 1962, Plastic and reconstructive surgery and the transplantation bulletin.

[10]  J. Calnan,et al.  Cleft Lip and Palate: Seasonal Incidence, Birth Weight, Birth Rank, Sex, Site, Associated Malformations and Parental Age , 1961, Archives of disease in childhood.

[11]  Posner Lb,et al.  Pregnancy at age 40 and over. , 1961 .

[12]  C. Carter.  MATERNAL STATES IN RELATION TO CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS , 1950, The Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of the British Empire.

[13]  E. Aagesen,et al.  Inheritance of harelip and cleft palate : contribution to the elucidation of the etiology of the congenital clefts of the face , 1942 .