Preparation of a Porous Composite Film for the Fabrication of a Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

A series of dopant-type polyaniline-polyacrylic acid composite (PAn-PAA) films with porous structures were prepared and developed for an enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. The composite films were highly electroactive in a neutral environment as compared to polyaniline (PAn). In addition, the carboxyl group of the PAA was found to react with H2O2 to form peroxy acid groups, and the peroxy acid could further oxidize the imine structure of PAn to form N-oxides. The N-oxides reverted to their original form via electrochemical reduction and increased the reduction current. Based on this result, PAn-PAA was used to modify a gold electrode (PAn-PAA/Au) as a working electrode for the non-enzymatic detection of H2O2. The characteristics of the proposed sensors could be tuned by the PAA/PAn molar ratio. Blending PAA with PAn enhanced the surface area, electrocatalytic activity, and conductivity of these sensors. Under optimal conditions, the linear concentration range of the H2O2 sensor was 0.04 to 12 mM with a sensitivity of 417.5 μA/mM-cm2. This enzyme-free H2O2 sensor also exhibited a rapid response time, excellent stability, and high selectivity.

[1]  Rajiv Prakash,et al.  Processible polyacid doped polyaniline composites: Application for charge storage devices , 2009 .

[2]  S P Singh,et al.  Cholesterol biosensor based on electrophoretically deposited conducting polymer film derived from nano-structured polyaniline colloidal suspension. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[3]  Tatsuro Endo,et al.  Quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide using polymer coated Ag nanoparticles , 2008 .

[4]  Roya Maboudian,et al.  Palladium nanostructures from galvanic displacement as hydrogen peroxide sensor , 2010 .

[5]  Su-Moon Park,et al.  Polypyrrole-based optical probe for a hydrogen peroxide assay. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  Yifei Yang,et al.  Determination of hydrogen peroxide using amperometric sensor of polyaniline doped with ferrocenesulfonic acid. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  Ananya Dan,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of conducting poly(aniline‐co‐diaminodiphenylsulfone) copolymers , 2003 .

[8]  Tomohiro Sawa,et al.  Chemical basis of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. , 2003, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[9]  Ehud Y Isacoff,et al.  A selective, cell-permeable optical probe for hydrogen peroxide in living cells. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  Mu-Yi Hua,et al.  Structures and properties of the soluble polyanilines, N-alkylated emeraldine bases , 1998 .

[11]  Xiangting Dong,et al.  Silver microspheres for application as hydrogen peroxide sensor , 2009 .

[12]  Mu-Yi Hua,et al.  Soluble n-Doped Polyaniline: Synthesis and Characterization , 2000 .

[13]  Andrea Valsesia,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide detection nanosensor array for biosensor development , 2009 .

[14]  Koji Nakanishi,et al.  Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy , 1977 .

[15]  Mu-Yi Hua,et al.  A novel biosensing mechanism based on a poly(N-butyl benzimidazole)-modified gold electrode for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. , 2011, Analytica chimica acta.

[16]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Biocatalytic growth of Au nanoparticles: from mechanistic aspects to biosensors design. , 2005, Nano letters.

[17]  Christine E. Schmidt,et al.  Conducting polymers in biomedical engineering , 2007 .

[18]  Richard B Kaner,et al.  A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[19]  Daniela Manno,et al.  Poly(vinyl alcohol) capped silver nanoparticles as localized surface plasmon resonance-based hydrogen peroxide sensor , 2009 .

[20]  Xia Qin,et al.  A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on multi-wall carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle nanohybrids modified gold electrode. , 2009, Talanta.

[21]  A. Karyakin,et al.  Prussian blue based nanoelectrode arrays for H(2)O(2) detection. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  Mauro Bertotti,et al.  Flow injection amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in household commercial products with a ruthenium oxide hexacyanoferrate modified electrode , 2009 .

[23]  Itaru Honma,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of myoglobin in titanate nanotubes film. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[24]  I Ball,et al.  Pervaporation studies with polyaniline membranes and blends , 2000 .

[25]  Nazeem Jahed,et al.  Polyester Sulphonic Acid Interstitial Nanocomposite Platform for Peroxide Biosensor , 2009, Sensors.

[26]  Arthur J. Epstein,et al.  Synthesis of self-doped conducting polyaniline , 1990 .

[27]  Jin-Hua Huang,et al.  Glucose biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown directly on Si , 2009 .

[28]  J. Kan,et al.  The electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid on polyaniline film synthesized in the presence of ferrocenesulfonic acid , 2002 .

[29]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Integration of polyaniline/poly(acrylic acid) films and redox enzymes on electrode supports: an in situ electrochemical/surface plasmon resonance study of the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose or lactate in the integrated bioelectrocatalytic systems. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[30]  Huaiguo Xue,et al.  Amperometric glucose biosensor based on in situ electropolymerized polyaniline/poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) composite film , 2008 .

[31]  B. Donkova,et al.  Synthesis of starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles and their application as a surface plasmon resonance-based sensor of hydrogen peroxide , 2011 .

[32]  J. Do,et al.  Urea biosensor based on PANi(urease)-Nafion/Au composite electrode. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[33]  Mu-Yi Hua,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of carboxylated polybenzimidazole and its use as a highly sensitive and selective enzyme-free H2O2 sensor , 2011 .

[34]  Yongping Luo,et al.  Detection of extracellular H2O2 released from human liver cancer cells based on TiO2 nanoneedles with enhanced electron transfer of cytochrome c. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[35]  Eucler B. Paniago,et al.  Synthesis of the Novel 4,4- and 6,6- Dihydroxamic - 2,2-Bipyridines and Improved Routes to 4,4- and 6,6- Substituted 2,2-Bipyridines and Mono-N-Oxide-2,2-Bipyridine , 1998 .

[36]  Bansi D Malhotra,et al.  Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[37]  Qin Xu,et al.  Ordered mesoporous polyaniline film as a new matrix for enzyme immobilization and biosensor construction. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[38]  Wei Yan,et al.  A super highly sensitive glucose biosensor based on Au nanoparticles-AgCl@polyaniline hybrid material. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[39]  Mats Fahlman,et al.  XPS Study of Highly Sulfonated Polyaniline , 1999 .

[40]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Electrochemical synthesis of copolymer of aniline and o-aminophenol and its use to the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid , 2007 .

[41]  Zhihui Dai,et al.  Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin immobilized on a hexagonal mesoporous silica matrix. , 2004, Analytical biochemistry.

[42]  R. Schultz,et al.  Infrared absorption spectroscopy. , 1971, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[43]  Subhash Chand,et al.  Improved performance of polyaniline-uricase biosensor. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[44]  Ruo Yuan,et al.  A Novel Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on a Polypyrrole Nanowire-Copper Nanocomposite Modified Gold Electrode , 2008, Sensors.

[45]  Yan Liu,et al.  Real-time electrochemical monitoring of cellular H2O2 integrated with in situ selective cultivation of living cells based on dual functional protein microarrays at Au-TiO2 surfaces. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[46]  Mu-Yi Hua,et al.  Water-soluble self-acid-doped conducting polyaniline: poly(aniline-co-N-propylbenzenesulfonic acid-aniline) , 2000 .

[47]  Jianbin Zheng,et al.  Nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on a polyaniline-single walled carbon nanotubes composite in a room temperature ionic liquid , 2009 .