A Motion-Dependent Distortion of Retinotopy in Area V4

When one element in an apparent motion sequence differs in color from the others, it is perceived as shifted along the motion trajectory. We examined whether V4 neurons encode the physical or perceived location of this "flashed" element by recording neuronal responses while monkeys viewed these stimuli. The retinotopic locus of V4 activity evoked by the flashed element shifted along the motion trajectory. The magnitude of the shift is consistent with the perceptual shift in humans viewing identical stimuli. This retinotopic distortion depended on the presence of a flashed element but was observed for both color-selective and non-color-selective neurons. The distortion was undiminished when the flashed element terminated the sequence, a condition that reduced the perceptual shift in humans. These findings are consistent with a Bayesian model of localization in which perceived location is derived from position signals optimally integrated across visual areas.

[1]  Ryota Kanai,et al.  Stopping the motion and sleuthing the flash-lag effect: spatial uncertainty is the key to perceptual mislocalization , 2004, Vision Research.

[2]  J. Movshon,et al.  Neuronal Adaptation to Visual Motion in Area MT of the Macaque , 2003, Neuron.

[3]  Markus Lappe,et al.  A model of the perceived relative positions of moving objects based upon a slow averaging process , 2000, Vision Research.

[4]  W. Richards,et al.  Perception as Bayesian Inference , 2008 .

[5]  Y Dan,et al.  Motion-Induced Perceptual Extrapolation of Blurred Visual Targets , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[6]  D. Sparks,et al.  Size and distribution of movement fields in the monkey superior colliculus , 1976, Brain Research.

[7]  K. D. De Valois,et al.  Vernier acuity with stationary moving Gabors. , 1991, Vision research.

[8]  A. B. Bonds.  Temporal dynamics of contrast gain in single cells of the cat striate cortex , 1991, Visual Neuroscience.

[9]  David Whitney,et al.  Flexible retinotopy: motion-dependent position coding in the visual cortex. , 2010, Science.

[10]  Nicholas J. Priebe,et al.  Constraints on the source of short-term motion adaptation in macaque area MT. I. the role of input and intrinsic mechanisms. , 2002, Journal of Neurophysiology.

[11]  Amir C. Akhavan,et al.  Parametric Population Representation of Retinal Location: Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex , 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[12]  N. P. Bichot,et al.  Visual feature selectivity in frontal eye fields induced by experience in mature macaques , 1996, Nature.

[13]  H. Komatsu,et al.  Suppression on neuronal responses by a metacontrast masking stimulus in monkey V4 , 2000, Neuroscience Research.

[14]  L. Matin,et al.  Visual Perception of Direction for Stimuli Flashed During Voluntary Saccadic Eye Movements , 1965, Science.

[15]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Neuronal population coding of movement direction. , 1986, Science.

[16]  I. Murakami,et al.  Latency difference, not spatial extrapolation , 1998, Nature Neuroscience.

[17]  R. Desimone,et al.  Spectral properties of V4 neurons in the macaque , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[18]  Stanley A. Klein,et al.  Extrapolation or attention shift? , 1995, Nature.

[19]  R. Jacobs,et al.  Optimal integration of texture and motion cues to depth , 1999, Vision Research.

[20]  P. Lennie,et al.  Pattern-selective adaptation in visual cortical neurones , 1979, Nature.

[21]  D. V. van Essen,et al.  Responses in area V4 depend on the spatial relationship between stimulus and attention. , 1996, Journal of neurophysiology.

[22]  Michael J. Berry,et al.  Anticipation of moving stimuli by the retina , 1999, Nature.

[23]  Eli Brenner,et al.  Smooth eye movements and spatial localisation , 2001, Vision Research.

[24]  Romi Nijhawan,et al.  Motion extrapolation in catching , 1994, Nature.

[25]  Gopathy Purushothaman,et al.  Moving ahead through differential visual latency , 1998, Nature.

[26]  L. Maffei,et al.  Neural Correlate of Perceptual Adaptation to Gratings , 1973, Science.

[27]  Y. Dan,et al.  Asymmetry in Visual Cortical Circuits Underlying Motion-Induced Perceptual Mislocalization , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[28]  Ulf T Eysel,et al.  Illusions and Perceived Images in the Primate Brain , 2003, Science.

[29]  E. J. Tehovnik,et al.  Eye Movements Modulate Visual Receptive Fields of V4 Neurons , 2001, Neuron.

[30]  Preeti Verghese,et al.  Predictability and the Dynamics of Position Processing in the Flash-Lag Effect , 2005, Perception.

[31]  P. Lennie,et al.  Rapid adaptation in visual cortex to the structure of images. , 1999, Science.

[32]  Robert A Jacobs,et al.  Bayesian integration of visual and auditory signals for spatial localization. , 2003, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[33]  Alexandre Pouget,et al.  Bayesian multisensory integration and cross-modal spatial links , 2004, Journal of Physiology-Paris.

[34]  Patrick Cavanagh,et al.  Attentive tracking shifts the perceived location of a nearby flash , 2005, Vision Research.

[35]  David Whitney,et al.  Motion distorts visual space: shifting the perceived position of remote stationary objects , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[36]  W T Newsome,et al.  How Is a Sensory Map Read Out? Effects of Microstimulation in Visual Area MT on Saccades and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[37]  T J Sejnowski,et al.  Motion integration and postdiction in visual awareness. , 2000, Science.