Investigation of Internal Short Circuits of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Mechanical Abusive Conditions

Current studies on the mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries usually focus on the mechanical damage process of batteries inside a jelly roll. In contrast, this paper investigates the internal short circuits inside batteries. Experimental results of voltage and temperature responses of lithium-ion batteries showed that battery internal short circuits evolve from a soft internal short circuit to a hard internal short circuit, as battery deformation continues. We utilized an improved coupled electrochemical-electric-thermal model to further analyze the battery thermal responses under different conditions of internal short circuit. Experimental and simulation results indicated that the state of charge of Li-ion batteries is a critical factor in determining the intensities of the soft short-circuit response and hard short-circuit response, especially when the resistance of the internal short circuit decreases to a substantially low level. Simulation results further revealed that the material properties of the short circuit object have a significant impact on the thermal responses and that an appropriate increase in the adhesion strength between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode can improve battery safety under mechanical abusive conditions.

[1]  E. Roth,et al.  Simulation of abuse tolerance of lithium-ion battery packs , 2007 .

[2]  Hui Pang,et al.  Experimental Data-Driven Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation for a Li-Ion Battery Equivalent Circuit Model , 2018 .

[3]  Cheng Chen,et al.  A Lithium-Ion Battery-in-the-Loop Approach to Test and Validate Multiscale Dual H Infinity Filters for State-of-Charge and Capacity Estimation , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[4]  Jinpeng Tian,et al.  A Novel Fractional Order Model for State of Charge Estimation in Lithium Ion Batteries , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  Minggao Ouyang,et al.  Fusing phenomenon of lithium-ion battery internal short circuit , 2017 .

[6]  Per Blomqvist,et al.  Characteristics of lithium-ion batteries during fire tests , 2014 .

[7]  Elham Sahraei,et al.  Dynamic impact response of lithium-ion batteries, constitutive properties and failure model , 2019, RSC advances.

[8]  J. Dahn,et al.  Thermal Model of Cylindrical and Prismatic Lithium-Ion Cells , 2001 .

[9]  Jun Xu,et al.  Unlocking the coupling mechanical-electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion battery upon dynamic mechanical loading , 2019, Energy.

[10]  D. H. Doughty,et al.  Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance , 2012 .

[11]  Depeng Kong,et al.  Study of the fire behavior of high-energy lithium-ion batteries with full-scale burning test , 2015 .

[12]  V. Ruiz,et al.  External short circuit performance of Graphite-LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and Graphite-LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cells at different external resistances , 2017 .

[13]  Tomasz Wierzbicki,et al.  Deformation and failure mechanisms of 18650 battery cells under axial compression , 2016 .

[14]  Eric Darcy,et al.  Modelling and experiments to identify high-risk failure scenarios for testing the safety of lithium-ion cells , 2019, Journal of Power Sources.

[15]  R. Spotnitz,et al.  Abuse behavior of high-power, lithium-ion cells , 2003 .

[16]  M. Behm,et al.  Investigation of Short-Circuit Scenarios in a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell , 2012 .

[17]  Wei Zhao,et al.  Modeling Internal Shorting Process in Large-Format Li-Ion Cells , 2015 .

[18]  Minggao Ouyang,et al.  Thermal runaway features of large format prismatic lithium ion battery using extended volume accelerating rate calorimetry , 2014 .

[19]  Byoung-Kuk Lee,et al.  Innovative Modeling Approach for Li-Ion Battery Packs Considering Intrinsic Cell Unbalances and Packaging Elements , 2019, Energies.

[20]  Elham Sahraei,et al.  Review: Characterization and Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2017 .

[21]  Elham Sahraei,et al.  Microscale failure mechanisms leading to internal short circuit in Li-ion batteries under complex loading scenarios , 2016 .

[22]  Minggao Ouyang,et al.  Internal short circuit trigger method for lithium-ion battery based on shape memory alloy , 2017 .

[23]  Jianqiu Li,et al.  An electrochemical-thermal coupled overcharge-to-thermal-runaway model for lithium ion battery , 2017 .

[24]  Paul A. Nelson,et al.  Development of a high-power lithium-ion battery , 1998 .

[25]  Elham Sahraei,et al.  Investigation of the deformation mechanisms of lithium-ion battery components using in-situ micro tests , 2018, Applied Energy.

[26]  Tomasz Wierzbicki,et al.  Modelling of cracks developed in lithium-ion cells under mechanical loading , 2015 .

[27]  Gi‐Heon Kim,et al.  A three-dimensional thermal abuse model for lithium-ion cells , 2007 .

[28]  H. Maleki,et al.  Internal short circuit in Li-ion cells , 2009 .

[29]  Wei Zhao,et al.  Modeling Nail Penetration Process in Large-Format Li-Ion Cells , 2015 .

[30]  Minggao Ouyang,et al.  A 3D thermal runaway propagation model for a large format lithium ion battery module , 2016 .

[31]  Cheng Lin,et al.  Clay-like mechanical properties for the jellyroll of cylindrical Lithium-ion cells , 2017 .

[32]  K. Smith,et al.  Three dimensional thermal-, electrical-, and electrochemical-coupled model for cylindrical wound large format lithium-ion batteries , 2013 .

[33]  Tomasz Wierzbicki,et al.  Dynamic impact tests on lithium-ion cells , 2017 .

[34]  Cheng Lin,et al.  State of Charge Dependent Constitutive Model of the Jellyroll of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells , 2018, IEEE Access.

[35]  F. Larsson,et al.  Abuse by External Heating, Overcharge and Short Circuiting of Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Cells , 2014 .

[36]  Binghe Liu,et al.  Safety issues caused by internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries , 2018 .

[37]  Xuning Feng,et al.  Mechanism of the entire overdischarge process and overdischarge-induced internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries , 2016, Scientific Reports.