Symbolic and Substantive Legitimation in Professional Practice

The professions are seen as "experts in legitimation" who take on and resolve the prob- lematic legitimacy of their clients through the technique and rhetoric of practice. The techniques used by the profession to legitimate roles and normatively appropriate behavior for their clients, thereby legitimating their own role, are examined in the context of medical practice. Examples of symbolic and substantive legitimations are given and some implications of public reactions to these forms are discussed. The legitimation of professional institutions is seen in this analysis to pose important theoretical and practical questions.

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