Wave set-up in the storm surge along open coasts during Typhoon Anita

Abstract Wave set-up in storm surges is studied using a numerical model for coasts in Tosa Bay, Japan, open to the Pacific Ocean. Simulation models employing only atmospheric pressures and winds as external forces are unable to properly simulate open coast storm surge heights, such as those due to Typhoon Anita (1970). However, the present study shows that a numerical model incorporating wave-induced radiation stresses, as well as wind stresses and pressure gradients, is able to account for the open coast surge heights. There is a maximum contribution of 40% by the radiation stresses to the peak sea level rises. This study also evaluates the effects of the tides; including the tides improves the agreement between the predicted water surface elevations and the observations. The difference in predictions between one-way coupling from wave to surge models and two-way coupling of the surge and wave models is found to be small.

[1]  M. Saier,et al.  Climate Change, 2007 , 2007 .

[2]  Peter A. E. M. Janssen,et al.  The dynamical coupling of a wave model and a storm surge model through the atmospheric boundary layer , 1993 .

[3]  Y. S. Li,et al.  The dynamic coupling of a third-generation wave model and a 3D hydrodynamic model through boundary layers , 1997 .

[4]  Lian Xie,et al.  The effect of wave current interactions on the storm surge and inundation in Charleston Harbor during Hurricane Hugo 1989 , 2008 .

[5]  Peter S. Pacheco.  Parallel programming with MPI , 1996 .

[6]  Sooyoul Kim,et al.  Numerical analysis of effects of tidal variations on storm surges and waves , 2008 .

[7]  P. Janssen.  Quasi-linear Theory of Wind-Wave Generation Applied to Wave Forecasting , 1991 .

[8]  Pedro Osuna,et al.  A coupling module for tides, surges and waves , 2000 .

[9]  M. Longuet-Higgins,et al.  Changes in the form of short gravity waves on long waves and tidal currents , 1960, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[10]  Peter A. E. M. Janssen,et al.  Wave-induced stress and the drag of air flow over sea waves , 1989 .

[11]  M. Longuet-Higgins,et al.  Radiation stresses in water waves; a physical discussion, with applications , 1964 .

[12]  R. Flather,et al.  A storm surge prediction model for the northern Bay of Bengal with application to the cyclone disaster in April 1991 , 1994 .

[13]  Pedro Osuna,et al.  Wave-current interaction in the Southern North Sea , 2004 .

[14]  M. Powell,et al.  Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones , 2003, Nature.

[15]  R. W. Schloemer.  Analysis and synthesis of hurricane wind patterns over Lake Okeechobee, Florida. , 1954 .

[16]  B. Choi,et al.  A synchronously coupled tide–wave–surge model of the Yellow Sea , 2003 .

[17]  M. Ooe,et al.  Ocean Tide Models Developed by Assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data into Hydrodynamical Model: A Global Model and a Regional Model around Japan , 2000 .

[18]  M. Longuet-Higgins,et al.  Radiation stress and mass transport in gravity waves, with application to ‘surf beats’ , 1962, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[19]  Scott C. Hagen,et al.  Coupling of Hydrodynamic and Wave Models: Case Study for Hurricane Floyd (1999) Hindcast , 2008 .

[20]  Corinne Le Quéré,et al.  Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis , 2013 .

[21]  N. Booij,et al.  A third-generation wave model for coastal regions-1 , 1999 .