OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN YOGURT SAMPLES FROM AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

The present study was aimed to analyse the presence and levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), in 177 yogurt samples consisting of 104 samples of ordinary yogurt, 21 of fruit yogurt, and 52 of strained (Torba) yogurt. The competitive ELISA method was used to determine the aflatoxin. The highest AFM1 concentration was 150 ng/kg in strained yogurt, 100 ng/kg in ordinary yogurt as well as in fruit yogurt. The incidence of AFM1 contamination in yogurt samples were 65.38% (68 samples) of all ordinary yogurt samples, 33.33% (7 samples) of all fruit yogurt samples, and 55.77% (29 samples) of all strained yogurt samples. In addition, 11.53% of ordinary yogurt (12 samples), 9.52% of fruit yogurt (2 samples), and 21.15% of strained yogurt (11 samples) had higher AFM1 levels, than the acceptable levels for the Turkish Food Codex (50 ng/kg for yogurt). The results of this study imply that more emphasis should be given to the routine AFM1 inspection of milk and dairy products in the Afyonkarahisar region. Furthermore, both farmers and dairy companies should be informed on the importance of AFM1, and the consequences of the presence of the aflatoxin in dairy products.

[1]  E. Sur,et al.  Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of the bursa of Fabricius and blood lymphocyte acid phosphatase of the chicken , 2003, British poultry science.

[2]  H. Akiyama,et al.  Determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in spices using a multifunctional column clean-up. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[3]  S. Sonal,et al.  Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. , 2001, Veterinary and human toxicology.

[4]  H. Oguz,et al.  Ameliorative effects of dietary clinoptilolite on pathological changes in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. , 2001, Research in veterinary science.

[5]  H. Oguz,et al.  Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis , 2000, British poultry science.

[6]  Y. Birdane,et al.  Effect of clinoptilolite on serum biochemical and haematological characters of broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. , 2000, Research in veterinary science.

[7]  S. Tabata.  Aflatoxin Contamination in Foods and Foodstuffs , 1998 .

[8]  P. Hamilton,et al.  Dietary exposure of broiler breeders to aflatoxin results in immune dysfunction in progeny chicks. , 1998, Poultry science.

[9]  F. Galvano,et al.  Occurrence and Stability of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products: A Worldwide Review. , 1996, Journal of food protection.

[10]  G. Barbieri,et al.  Aflatoxin M1 in Parmesan cheese: HPLC determination , 1994 .

[11]  M. Trucksess,et al.  Examination of Imported Cheeses for Aflatoxin M1. , 1986, Journal of food protection.

[12]  Ö. Küplülü,et al.  Detection of aflatoxin M1 in cheese samples by ELISA , 2004 .

[13]  M. A. Jonker,et al.  Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins , 2003 .

[14]  H. V. van Egmond.  Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins. Overview of tolerances and status of standard methods of sampling and analysis. , 1989, Food additives and contaminants.