Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design

The twenty-first century global population will be increasingly urban-focusing the sustainability challenge on cities and raising new challenges to address urban resilience capacity. Landscape ecologists are poised to contribute to this challenge in a transdisciplinary mode in which science and research are integrated with planning policies and design applications. Five strategies to build resilience capacity and transdisciplinary collaboration are proposed: biodiversity; urban ecological networks and connectivity; multifunctionality; redundancy and modularization, adaptive design. Key research questions for landscape ecologists, planners and designers are posed to advance the development of knowledge in an adaptive mode.

[1]  S. Kark,et al.  Motivations for Conserving Urban Biodiversity , 2010, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[2]  M. Bryant.  Urban landscape conservation and the role of ecological greenways at local and metropolitan scales , 2006 .

[3]  B. Walker.  Conserving Biological Diversity through Ecosystem Resilience , 1995 .

[4]  J. Ahern,et al.  Biodiversity Planning and Design: Sustainable Practices , 2006 .

[5]  Ted Baker,et al.  ECOLOGY OF GREENWAYS , 1994, Landscape Journal.

[6]  L. Laurian.  Designing Greenways: Sustainable Landscapes for Nature and People , 2008 .

[7]  Magnus Nyström,et al.  Reserves, Resilience and Dynamic Landscapes , 2003, Ambio.

[8]  V. Wolters,et al.  Biodiversity at the landscape level: recent concepts and perspectives for multifunctional land use , 2007, Landscape Ecology.

[9]  N. Grimm,et al.  Integrated Approaches to Long-TermStudies of Urban Ecological Systems , 2000 .

[10]  B. Aminzadeh,et al.  A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area , 2010, Urban Ecosystems.

[11]  Maria Ignatieva,et al.  Planning and design of ecological networks in urban areas , 2010, Landscape and Ecological Engineering.

[12]  Colin W. Maguire.  The First True Case of 'LEED-igation': The Far-Reaching Impact of Gifford V. United States Green Building Council , 2012 .

[13]  L. Musacchio.  The scientific basis for the design of landscape sustainability: A conceptual framework for translational landscape research and practice of designed landscapes and the six Es of landscape sustainability , 2009, Landscape Ecology.

[14]  Daniel B. Botkin,et al.  Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-first Century , 1990 .

[15]  Steward T. A. Pickett,et al.  Designed experiments: new approaches to studying urban ecosystems , 2005 .

[16]  J. Ahern.  From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world , 2011 .

[17]  Ryan Abraham.  Landscape as urbanism , 2008 .

[18]  J. Nassauer,et al.  Design in science: extending the landscape ecology paradigm , 2008, Landscape Ecology.

[19]  Roy Haines-Young,et al.  “Rio+10”, sustainability science and Landscape Ecology☆ , 2006 .

[20]  Regionalverband Ruhr.  Unter freiem Himmel / Under the Open Sky: Emscher Landschaftspark / Emscher Landscape Park , 2010 .

[21]  M. Soulé,et al.  Land Use Planning and Wildlife Maintenance: Guidelines for Conserving Wildlife in an Urban Landscape , 1991 .

[22]  Z. Naveh.  Ten major premises for a holistic conception of multifunctional landscapes , 2001 .

[23]  Mark A. Goddard,et al.  Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. , 2010, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[24]  W. Adams.  The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century , 2006 .

[25]  P. James,et al.  Making biodiversity measures accessible to non-specialists: an innovative method for rapid assessment of urban biodiversity , 2010, Urban Ecosystems.

[26]  Paul Opdam,et al.  Population responses to landscape fragmentation , 1993 .

[27]  S. Lovell,et al.  Creating multifunctional landscapes: how can the field of ecology inform the design of the landscape? , 2009 .

[28]  白磊.  欧洲的绿色城市主义——从《Green Urbanism：Learning from European Cities》看中国城市发展 , 2006 .

[29]  Mohammad Taleai,et al.  Evaluating the compatibility of multi-functional and intensive urban land uses , 2007, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation.

[30]  W. Zipperer,et al.  Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas , 2001 .

[31]  N. Grimm,et al.  Integrated Approaches to Long-TermStudies of Urban Ecological Systems , 2000 .

[32]  S. Pickett,et al.  Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms , 2004 .

[33]  David Salt,et al.  Resilience Thinking : Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World , 2017 .

[34]  H. Sukopp,et al.  The Effects of Climate Change on the Vegetation of Central European Cities * , 2003 .

[35]  L. Gunderson.  Resilience, Flexibility and Adaptive Management - - Antidotes for Spurious Certitude? , 1999 .

[36]  R. Forman,et al.  Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning , 1996 .

[37]  Sadahisa Kato,et al.  Creative Activity Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning 7-2008 ' Learning by doing ' : adaptive planning as a strategy to address uncertainty in planning , 2017 .

[38]  Paul Brown,et al.  Planning and Design for Sustainable and Resilient Cities: Theories, Strategies, and Best Practices for Green Infrastructure , 2010 .

[39]  Johan Colding,et al.  'ecological land-use complementation' for building resilience in urban ecosystems , 2007 .

[40]  Norbert Müller,et al.  Urban biodiversity and design , 2010 .

[41]  P. Werner,et al.  Urban Biodiversity and the Case for Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity in Towns and Cities , 2010 .

[42]  D. Buss.  Sustaining Life: How Human Health Depends on Biodiversity , 2009 .

[43]  Gale Fulton,et al.  The Landscape Urbanism Reader , 2008 .

[44]  Gary Fry,et al.  Integrative studies on rural landscapes: policy expectations and research practice , 2005 .

[45]  Paul Opdam,et al.  Landscape cohesion: an index for the conservation potential of landscapes for biodiversity , 2003, Landscape Ecology.

[46]  J. Ahern,et al.  Multifunctional landscapes as a basis for sustainable landscape development (平成21年度日本造園学会全国大会研究発表論文集(27)) , 2009 .

[47]  R. Haines-Young,et al.  Landscapes and sustainability , 2006 .

[48]  M. G. Hofle,et al.  Adams, W.M. 2006. "The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century." Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers , 2010 .