ACE and ACTN3 Genes and Muscle Phenotypes in Nonagenarians

We studied the association of ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms with skeletal muscle phenotypes (i. e. upper and lower body muscular strength and functional tests) in Spanish nonagenarian subjects [n=41, 33 women, 8 men, age: 90-97 years]. Mean values of the study phenotypes were not significantly different (all P>0.05) between ACE and ACTN3 genotypes. The analyses of the combined effects between genotypes ( ACE DD & ACTN3 RR/RX vs. ACE II/ID & ACTN3 XX) did not yield any significant difference. Our data suggest that, in the elderly, the influence of genetic factors on muscle phenotype traits is not reducible to a few single polymorphisms, including ACE and ACTN3 variants.

[1]  F. Naclerio,et al.  Is there an association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and muscle power phenotypes in young, non‐athletic adults? , 2010, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[2]  G Atkinson,et al.  International Journal of Sports Medicine – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research , 2009, International journal of sports medicine.

[3]  A. Lucia,et al.  Health enhancing strength training in nonagenarians (STRONG): rationale, design and methods , 2009, BMC public health.

[4]  S. Mastana,et al.  Human angiotensin‐converting enzyme I/D and α‐actinin 3 R577X genotypes and muscle functional and contractile properties , 2009, Experimental physiology.

[5]  L. Ferrucci,et al.  ACTN3 genotype is associated with muscle phenotypes in women across the adult age span. , 2008, Journal of applied physiology.

[6]  Y. Meckel,et al.  ACE ID genotype affects blood creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise. , 2007, Journal of applied physiology.

[7]  N. A. Doldo,et al.  Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism influences knee extensor peak power response to strength training in older men and women. , 2007, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[8]  Martin Sust,et al.  Biomechanical muscle properties and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism: a model-based study , 2006, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[9]  Matthew A. Kostek,et al.  ACE ID genotype and the muscle strength and size response to unilateral resistance training. , 2006, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[10]  A. Tsiokanos,et al.  The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents , 2006, European Journal of Human Genetics.

[11]  A. Lucia,et al.  Does complete deficiency of muscle α actinin 3 alter functional capacity in elderly women? A preliminary report , 2005, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[12]  D. Mehr,et al.  Comorbidity and 1‐Year Mortality Risks in Nursing Home Residents , 2005, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[13]  E. Hawe,et al.  Angiotensin converting enzyme genotype and strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2004, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[14]  D. MacArthur,et al.  ACTN3 genotype is associated with human elite athletic performance. , 2003, American journal of human genetics.

[15]  Alun Jones,et al.  Skeletal muscle RAS and exercise performance. , 2003, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[16]  Suzanne G. Leveille,et al.  Change in Muscle Strength Explains Accelerated Decline of Physical Function in Older Women With High Interleukin‐6 Serum Levels , 2002, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[17]  Hugh Montgomery,et al.  Elite swimmers and the D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism , 2001, Human Genetics.

[18]  H Hemingway,et al.  Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. , 1999, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  R Kreutz,et al.  A prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[20]  J A Faulkner,et al.  Skeletal muscle weakness in old age: underlying mechanisms. , 1994, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[21]  T J Doherty,et al.  Effects of ageing on the motor unit: a brief review. , 1993, Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee.

[22]  L. Lipsitz,et al.  Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women. , 1992, Clinical science.

[23]  Margarita Pérez,et al.  Endurance Performance: Genes or Gene Combinations? , 2008, International journal of sports medicine.

[24]  C. Bouchard,et al.  The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update. , 2009, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[25]  E. Bleecker,et al.  Interaction between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Genotype and Exercise Training on Knee Extensor Strength in Older Individuals , 2007, International journal of sports medicine.

[26]  S. Gordon,et al.  ANG II is required for optimal overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[27]  S. Easteal,et al.  A common nonsense mutation results in alpha-actinin-3 deficiency in the general population. , 1999, Nature genetics.