From Subordination to Coordination? : Verb-second position in German causal and concessive constructions

German, which has "verb-second" as its basic word order in independent sentences, requires final position of the finite verb in subordinate clauses. Thus, adverbial clauses introduced by "subordinate" conjunctions, such as WEIL ("because") and OBWOHL ("although") according to German grammar display "verb-final" ordering (e.g. "ich geh jetzt nach Hause, weil ich mude bin"; "ich esse kein Fleisch, obwohl ich's eigentlich gern mag"). German thus provides a clear signal for the grammatical incorporation of one clause into another.[3] However, during the last ten to fifteen years, in spoken colloquial German as well as in certain written genres that reproduce colloquial language (e.g., interviews, dialogues in advertisement), speakers are tending more and more to use main clause order (and thus "verb-second"-position)[4] in final adverbial clauses introduced by WEIL and OBWOHL.[5]

[1]  G. Green Main Clause Phenomena in Subordinate Clauses. , 1976 .

[2]  Susanne Günthner,et al.  «...weil ― man kann es ja wissenschaftlich untersuchen». Diskurspragmatische Aspekte der Wortstellung in WEIL-Sätzen , 1993 .

[3]  R. Keller,et al.  Das epistemische weil Bedeutungswandel einer Konjunktion , 1993 .

[4]  Sandra A. Thompson,et al.  Interaction and Syntax in the Structure of Conversational Discourse: Collaboration, Overlap, and Syntactic Dissociation , 1996 .

[5]  C. Lehmann Towards a typology of clause linkage , 1988 .

[6]  Johan van der Auwera,et al.  Clause integration in German and Dutch conditionals, concessive conditionals, and concessives , 1988 .

[7]  Junko Mori,et al.  Causal Markers in Japanese and English Conversations: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Interactional Grammar , 1994 .

[8]  Christian Lehmann,et al.  Grammaticalization and related changes in contemporary German , 1991 .

[9]  Jan Svartvik,et al.  A __ comprehensive grammar of the English language , 1988 .

[10]  Elizabeth Closs Traugott,et al.  The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited , 1991 .

[11]  E. König On the history of concessive connectives in english. Diachronic and synchronic evidence , 1985 .

[12]  Eve Sweetser From Etymology to Pragmatics: List of abbreviations , 1990 .

[13]  Wallace L. Chafe,et al.  How People Use Adverbial Clauses , 1984 .

[14]  Eve Sweetser,et al.  From Etymology to Pragmatics: Preface , 1990 .

[15]  Robert D. Van Valin,et al.  Functional Syntax and Universal Grammar , 1984 .

[16]  Eve Sweetser From Etymology to Pragmatics: Subject index , 1990 .

[17]  Andrew Pawley,et al.  Natural selection in syntax: Notes on adaptive variation and change in vernacular and literary grammar☆ , 1983 .

[18]  Michael Halliday,et al.  Cohesion in English , 1976 .

[19]  M. Selting Prosodie im Gespräch : Aspekte einer interaktionalen Phonologie der Konversation , 1995 .

[20]  Gene H. Lerner On the syntax of sentences-in-progress , 1991, Language in Society.

[21]  Susanne Günthner Exemplary stories : the cooperative construction of moral indignation , 1995 .

[22]  W. Klein Einige Bemerkungen zur Frageintonation , 1982 .

[23]  Cecilia E. Ford Grammar in Interaction: Adverbial Clauses in American English Conversations , 1993 .

[24]  Ulrike Gaumann Weil die machen jetzt bald zu , 1983 .

[25]  Cecilia E. Ford Dialogic aspects of talk and writing: because on the interactive-edited continuum , 1994 .