Second and Third Generation Heritage Language Speakers: HL Scholarship's Relevance to the Research Needs and Future Directions of TESOL.

Most US English Language Learners are Born in the USA English Language Learners are defined as students with limited English proficiency who speak a language other than English at home (NCELA, 2006). During the 1989-1990 school year, a total of two million ELLs were reported in U.S. public schools (pre-K through grade 12). That number had more than doubled by the 2004–2005 academic year, when over five million ELLs, or approximately 10.5% of the total public school enrollment, were identified. In those fifteen years, ELL enrollment increased at nearly seven times the rate of total student enrollment (NCELA, 2006).

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