STAND‐ALONE AND GRID‐CONNECTED INVERTERS

Smart distribution systems require that existing and new assets, such as distributed generation (DG) and distributed energy storage (DES) units, become adaptable for provision of supplying not only electricity but also ancillary services for the local grid. Grid‐connected inverter interfacing methods have historically evolved from front end pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) rectifiers used in regenerative machine drives, where instead of dissipating power on dynamic break the efficiency is improved by pumping power back to the grid. In the grid‐connected mode, the inverter is usually designed to supply constant current output in order to connect to the voltage source grid utility. Control algorithms performing connection of a power electronic (PE)‐based DG with the grid should be compliant with the IEEE 1547 family of standards. A phase locked loop (PLL) system is commonly used for various signal applications such as radio and telecommunications, electrical motor control, and signal processing.

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