The Absent Professor: Why We Don't Teach Research Ethics and What to Do about It

Research ethics education in the biosciences has not historically been a priority for research universities despite the fact that funding agencies, government regulators, and the parties involved in the research enterprise agree that it ought to be. The confluence of a number of factors, including scrutiny and regulation due to increased public awareness of the impact of basic research on society, increased public and private funding, increased diversity and collaboration among researchers, the impressive success and speed of research advances, and high-profile cases of misconduct, have made it necessary to reexamine how the bioscience research community at all levels provides ethics education to its own. We discuss the need to and reasons for making ethics integral to the education of bioscientists, approaches to achieving this goal, challenges this goal presents, and responses to those challenges.

[1]  C. Gunsalus,et al.  Institutional structure to ensure research integrity , 1993, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[2]  L. A. Goldblatt,et al.  The birth of bioethics , 1999, Pediatrics.

[3]  T. Beauchamp,et al.  Principles of biomedical ethics , 1991 .

[4]  Inder M. Verma,et al.  Gene therapy: trials and tribulations , 2000, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[5]  M J Bebeau,et al.  The impact of a dental ethics curriculum on moral reasoning. , 1994, Journal of dental education.

[6]  Daniel J. Kevles,et al.  The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character , 2000 .

[7]  Thomas G. Ryan,et al.  Can ethics be taught? , 1978, Nature.

[8]  D. Fisher The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology , 1979 .

[9]  A. Mastroianni,et al.  The importance of expanding current training in the responsible conduct of research , 1998, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[10]  Stephen Lock,et al.  The Baltimore case: a trial of politics, science, and character , 1999, BMJ.

[11]  R. Leffert Report of the Committee on Research , 1983 .

[12]  R. Berk,et al.  The ethics of scientific research: an analysis of focus groups of scientists and institutional representatives. , 1997, Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research.

[13]  M. Bebeau Moral Reasoning in Scientific Research: Cases for Teaching and Assessment. , 1995 .

[14]  Deni Elliott,et al.  The Ethics of Scientific Research: A Guidebook for Course Development , 1997 .

[15]  Policy on papers' contributors , 1999, Nature.

[16]  Michael Kalichman,et al.  Effects of training in the responsible conduct of research: A survey of graduate students in experimental sciences , 1998, Science and engineering ethics.

[17]  A. Garrod Approaches to moral development : new research and emerging themes , 1995 .

[18]  Amy M. Hightower,et al.  Science and Engineering Indicators , 1993 .

[19]  Robert F. Harvanek Sj,et al.  Ethics Teaching in Higher Education , 1982 .

[20]  S. Eastwood,et al.  Ethical issues in biomedical research: Perceptions and practices of postdoctoral research fellows responding to a survey , 1996, Science and engineering ethics.

[21]  Judicial Affairs,et al.  Code of medical ethics : current opinions with annotations , 1994 .

[22]  Msmw The social transformation of american medicine. , 1983, The Western journal of medicine.

[23]  P. Friedman,et al.  A pilot study of biomedical trainees' perceptions concerning research ethics , 1992, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[24]  Deni Elliott,et al.  Evaluating teaching and students’ learning of academic research ethics , 1996 .

[25]  J. Cohen,et al.  Trust us to make a difference: ensuring public confidence in the integrity of clinical research. , 2001, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[26]  Moshe Kam,et al.  Teaching ethics in engineering and computer science: A panel discussion , 1997 .

[27]  John J. Horton Principles of Biomedical Ethics, fifth edition. T. L. Beauchamp & J. F. Childress. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. xiv+454pp. Price £19.95. ISBN 0-19-514332-9 , 2002 .

[28]  H. Moses,et al.  Academic relationships with industry: a new model for biomedical research. , 2001, JAMA.

[29]  Capron,et al.  Law, Science, And Medicine , 1984 .

[30]  Joseph R. Herkert,et al.  ABET's Engineering Criteria 2000 and Engineering Ethics: Where Do We Go From Here? , 1999 .

[31]  A. McConnachie,et al.  Impact of a new course on students’ potential behaviour on encountering ethical dilemmas , 2001, Medical education.