A study of light quenching in BaF2 crystals for heavy ions at intermediate energies

Abstract The light response of BaF 2 crystals to light and heavy ions (1 ≤ Z ≤ 15) has been investigated as a function of energy, charge and mass of the incident particles up to ∼ 40 A MeV. While it is possible to describe the light output using a unique function of E , Z and A for all the ions, the Birks' constant seems to depend on the charge of the incident ion. Only a small dependence on the mass of the detected ion is found.

[1]  E. Valtonen,et al.  Response of BGO and CsI(Tl) scintillators to heavy ions , 1990 .

[2]  T. Kubo,et al.  Properties of BaF2 scintillators in charged particle detection , 1986 .

[3]  A. Lleres,et al.  Investigation of the performance of CsI(Tl) for charged particle identification by pulse-shape analysis , 1989 .

[4]  M. L. Fiandri,et al.  A multi-element detector array for heavy fragments emitted in intermediate energy nuclear reactions , 1993 .

[5]  R. Laforest,et al.  The mass dependence of CsI(Tl) scintillation response to heavy ions , 1992 .

[6]  R. Coniglione,et al.  Response of the BaF2 scintillator to light charged particles , 1993 .

[7]  D. R. Bowman,et al.  A modular array to detect complex fragments produced in intermediate-energy reverse-kinematics reactions , 1992 .

[8]  A. Menchaca-rocha,et al.  The response of a CsI(Tl) scintillator with photodiode readout to light particles and heavy ions , 1986 .

[9]  R. B. Murray,et al.  Scintillation Response of Activated Inorganic Crystals to Various Charged Particles , 1961 .

[10]  M. Levine,et al.  Response of plastic scintillator detectors to heavy ions, Z ≤ 35, E ≤ 170 MeV☆ , 1976 .

[11]  W. Kühn,et al.  Test of a TAPS sub-array with electrons , 1990 .

[12]  M. Moszynski,et al.  Properties of optical greases for BaF2 scintillators , 1987 .

[13]  G. Nieuwenhuizen,et al.  The response function of a CsI(Tl) scintillator with photodiode readout to light and heavy ions in the intermediate energy range , 1990 .

[14]  R. Allemand,et al.  Barium fluoride — Inorganic scintillator for subnanosecond timing , 1983 .

[15]  R. Hingmann,et al.  Detection of hard photons with BaF2 scintillators , 1987 .

[16]  G. Rupp,et al.  The Karlsruhe 4π barium fluoride detector , 1990 .

[17]  H. Toyokawa,et al.  Performance of a phoswich detector composed of thin plastic and thick BaF2 scintillators , 1993 .

[18]  J. Yurkon,et al.  A Logarithmic Detection System Suitable for a 4π Array , 1985 .

[19]  H. Emling,et al.  Response of BaF2, CsI(Tl) and Pb-glass detectors to neutrons below 22 MeV , 1989 .

[20]  D. R. Bowman,et al.  The MSU Miniball 4π fragment detection array , 1990 .

[21]  Response of a BaF2 detector to photons from 75 to 200 MeV , 1991 .

[22]  J. B. Birks,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting , 1965 .

[23]  J. Charvet,et al.  Loss of light charged particles by nuclear interactions in BaF2 crystals , 1993 .

[24]  T. Matulewicz Quenching of scintillation in BaF2 for light charged particles , 1993 .

[25]  A. Lleres,et al.  The particle detector array AMPHORA , 1989 .

[26]  R. Stokstad,et al.  Performance of a phoswich detector array for light particles and heavy ions , 1988 .

[27]  S. Ahlen,et al.  NaI: T1 response to relativistic Ne, Ar, and Fe ions , 1981 .

[28]  G. J. Wozniak,et al.  Calibration of the response function of CsI(Tl) scintillators to intermediate-energy heavy ions , 1992 .

[29]  R. Bimbot,et al.  The response of BGO scintillation detectors to light charged nuclei , 1992 .

[30]  E. Dafni,et al.  A note on the application of BaF2 scintillators to γ-ray and charged particle detection , 1987 .

[31]  K. Wisshak,et al.  Large barium fluoride detectors , 1984 .

[32]  D. C. Hensley,et al.  Dwarf Ball and Dwarf Wall: Design, instrumentation, and response characteristics of a 4π CsI(Tl) plastic phoswich multidetector system for light charged particle and intermediate mass fragment spectrometry , 1990 .

[33]  E. Norbeck,et al.  Heavy ions detection by using BaF2 crystals coupled to thin plastic scintillator , 1992 .

[34]  P. Dorenbos,et al.  Tests of large BaF2 crystals in beams of relativistic particles , 1992 .

[35]  E. De Filippo,et al.  Using BaF2 crystals as detectors of light charged particles at intermediate energies , 1992 .

[36]  P. Schotanus,et al.  Temperature dependence of BaF2 scintillation light yield , 1985 .

[37]  F. D. Brooks Development of organic scintillators , 1979 .

[38]  J. L. Blankenship,et al.  The HILI - a multidetector system for light ions and heavy ions , 1991 .

[39]  S. Kubota,et al.  Variation of luminescence decay in BaF2 crystal excited by electrons, alpha particles and fission fragments , 1986 .

[40]  S. Kubota,et al.  Response of BaF2, BaF2-plastic, and BGO scintillators to neutrons with energies between 15 and 45 MeV , 1989 .

[41]  C. Thorn,et al.  Bismuth germanate scintillator as a fast high-energy ion detector , 1984 .

[42]  R. Janssens,et al.  Response of BaF2 detectors to photons of 3–50 MeV energy , 1990 .

[43]  R. Coniglione,et al.  MEDEA: a multi element detector array for gamma ray and light charged particle detection at the LNS-Catania , 1992 .

[44]  R. Coniglione,et al.  BaF2 scintillator: A stand-alone detector for γ-rays and light charged particles , 1988 .

[45]  C. Lebrun,et al.  A plastic multidetector for light nuclei identification at GANIL , 1986 .

[46]  F. Käppeler,et al.  Prototype crystals for the Karlsruhe 4π barium fluoride detector , 1986 .

[47]  D. C. Hensley,et al.  A “dwarf ball”: Design, instrumentation, and response characteristics of a 4π light charged-particle multidetector system , 1988 .

[48]  R. Kamermans,et al.  The response of BGO scintillation detectors to light charged particles , 1984 .

[49]  K. Speidel,et al.  Applications of large barium fluoride scintillators to in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy , 1988 .

[50]  G. Nieuwenhuizen,et al.  A compact multidetector system for highly energetic charged particles , 1988 .

[51]  The light response of plastic scintillator and the calibration of large arrays , 1992 .