SISTEMAS COGNITIVOS CORRELACIONADOS: UMA ABORDAGEM PARA A ANÁLISE DO DESEMPENHO DE EQUIPES EM OPERAÇÃO DE JATOS COMERCIAIS

Analysis of joint cognitive systems makes it possible to investigate teamwork by identifying the functional patterns that emerge from the “human-work-artifact” interaction, such as control and resilience. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the joint cognitive system formed by three agents (pilot, copilot, and aircraft) and to identify impact factors on teamwork performance. The research method adopted cognitive task analysis strategies, especially documental analysis, in loco observations in flight simulations and semi-structured individual interviews. The data point out that the operation of commercial jets can be analyzed by means of aircrew control loops, resulting in three cognitive systems: SC-A (pilot-work-artifact), SC-B (copilot-teamwork-artifact), and SC-C (aircrew-teamwork-artifact). It was also possible to define 14 factors that impact on teamwork, organized in four constructs: individual systemic-operating control (situation awareness, operating strategy, and cognitive reserve), collective systemic-operating control (shared situation awareness, coordination, and communication), resilience (prevention, adaptation, recovery, and operational efficiency) and interpersonal relationships (team consciousness, group potency, leadership, and assertiveness).