Microgrid design considerations for next generation grid codes

Medium-voltage grid codes for distributed energy resources are rapidly evolving. Next generation grid codes are anticipated to include stringent requirements for fault-ride-through and ancillary services, which is in stark contrast to existing codes formulated based on recommendations from the predominant IEEE Std. 1547-2003. To gain insight into the nature of these requirements, core features of next generation codes are identified based on (i) anticipated developments in North American grid requirements for distributed energy resources, and (ii) dominant features and common trends of emergent European codes. The impact of these core features on distributed energy resources operating collectively within a microgrid framework are addressed.

[1]  E. Shimoda,et al.  Design methods and integrated control for microgrid , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.

[2]  A. Moreno-Munoz,et al.  Distributed energy resources interconnection: The Spanish normative , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[3]  Antonio Notholt,et al.  Germany's new code for generation plants connected to medium-voltage networks and its repercussion on inverter control , 2009 .

[4]  P. Kundur,et al.  Power system stability and control , 1994 .

[5]  D. Brooks,et al.  Panel: Standards & interconnection requirements for wind and solar generation NERC integrating variable generation task force , 2012, T&D 2012.

[6]  Joseba Jimeno,et al.  Architecture of a microgrid energy management system , 2011 .

[7]  H. Laukamp,et al.  Plugging into the Zeitgeist , 2009, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[8]  Athula D. Rajapakse,et al.  Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems , 2011 .

[9]  Gregory Kish Addressing Future Grid Requirements for Distributed Energy Resources , 2011 .

[10]  Bruno Francois,et al.  Energy Management and Operational Planning of a Microgrid With a PV-Based Active Generator for Smart Grid Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  Timothy C. Green,et al.  Real-World MicroGrids-An Overview , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering.

[12]  M. Braun,et al.  Utility-scale PV systems : grid connection requirements , test procedures and European harmonisation , 2009 .

[13]  R. Iravani,et al.  Microgrids management , 2008, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[14]  N. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Making microgrids work , 2008, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[15]  Stavros A. Papathanassiou,et al.  A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms , 2009 .

[16]  Jens. C. Boemer,et al.  Compliance with technical codes turns into precondition for support and system services bonus for wind power plants in Germany , 2009, 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech.

[17]  Helder Leite,et al.  Distributed Generation protection scheme to permit “ride-through fault” , 2009 .

[18]  Bob Saint Update on IEEE 1547 Series of Standards for distributed resources interconnection , 2012, T&D 2012.

[19]  M.R. Iravani,et al.  Power Management Strategies for a Microgrid With Multiple Distributed Generation Units , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.