Mixed Bundling in Two-Sided Markets in the Presence of Installed Base Effects

We analyze mixed bundling in two-sided markets where installed base e ects are present and nd that the pricing structure deviates from traditional bundling as well as the standard twosided markets literature|{we determine prices on both sides fall with bundling. Mixed bundling acts as a price discrimination tool segmenting the market more e ciently. Consequently, as a by-product of this price discrimination, the two sides are better coordinated and social welfare is enhanced. We show unambiguously that platform participations increase on both sides of the market. After theoretically evaluating the impact mixed bundling has on prices and welfare, we take the model predictions to data from the portable video game console market. We nd empirical support for all theoretical predictions.

[1]  Pradeep K. Chintagunta,et al.  Time-Varying Competition , 2005 .

[2]  Ulrich Kaiser,et al.  Price structure in two-sided markets: Evidence from the magazine industry , 2006 .

[3]  Vineet Kumar,et al.  The Dynamic Effects of Bundling as a Product Strategy , 2012, Mark. Sci..

[4]  M. Whinston Tying, Foreclosure, and Exclusion , 1989 .

[5]  W. Kamakura,et al.  Optimal Bundling and Pricing Under a Monopoly: Contrasting Complements and Substitutes from Independently Valued Products , 2003 .

[6]  K. Sudhir,et al.  Pass-through timing , 2006 .

[7]  J. Choi Tying in Two-Sided Markets with Multi-Homing , 2007, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[8]  M. Whinston,et al.  Multiproduct Monopoly, Commodity Bundling, and Correlation of Values , 1989 .

[9]  Alisha C. Holland,et al.  A Price Theory of Multi-Sided Platforms , 2009 .

[10]  Juan D. Carrillo,et al.  Platform Competition: The Role of Multi-homing and Complementors , 2006 .

[11]  R. Rohh ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INTERVENTIONS An Overview , 2001 .

[12]  Hairul Azlan Annuar,et al.  Foreign investors' interests and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from an emerging economy , 2015 .

[13]  J. Rochet,et al.  Two-sided markets: a progress report , 2006 .

[14]  J. Rochet,et al.  Platform competition in two sided markets , 2003 .

[15]  V. Mahajan,et al.  The design and pricing of bundles: A review of normative guidelines and practical approaches , 2009 .

[16]  Jean-Charles Rochet,et al.  Tying-In Two-Sided Markets and the Honour All Cards Rule , 2007 .

[17]  Ulrich Kaiser,et al.  The Effects of Website Provision on the Demand for German Women's Magazines , 2001 .

[18]  Janet L. Yellen,et al.  Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly , 1976 .

[19]  Yannis Bakos,et al.  Bundling Information Goods: Pricing, Profits and Efficiency , 1998 .

[20]  B. Jullien,et al.  Tying and freebies in two-sided markets , 2007 .

[21]  Andrei Hagiu Pricing and commitment by two‐sided platforms , 2006 .

[22]  Richard Schmalensee,et al.  Gaussian Demand and Commodity Bundling , 1984 .

[23]  Richard Schmalensee,et al.  Payment Systems and Interchange Fees , 2001 .

[24]  M. Armstrong Competition in Two-Sided Markets ¤ , 2005 .

[25]  B. Nalebuff Bundling as an Entry Barrier , 2004 .

[26]  B. Caillaud,et al.  Chicken & Egg: Competition Among Intermediation Service Providers , 2003 .

[27]  Marc Rysman,et al.  Competition between Networks: A Study of the Market for Yellow Pages , 2002 .