Palonosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high dose methotrexate

High dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX), used in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is moderately emetogenic. First generation 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists are effective prophylactic agents but require multiple administrations. Palonosetron has a half life of 36–42 hours and has higher affinity and selectivity to the 5‐HT3 receptor. Adult studies have demonstrated that palonosetron is both more effective and require fewer administrations than first generation 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of palonosetron (5 µg/kg) for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in children 18 years of age with ALL treated with HD‐MTX, 5 g/m2.

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