A Review of FFA Esterification for Biodiesel Production

Because of the limited reserve of fossil sources such as petroleum, natural gas and coal, biodiesel that is produced from biomass is an attractive energy resource. Biodiesel is a clean energy that has the closest quality to diesel fuel. However, the conventional biodiesel production cost is higher than petroleum-based diesel since its being produced mostly from expensive high-quality virgin oil. Many researchers interest in using low-cost high free fatty acid (FFA) oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production by esterification process. This paper reviews the effect of operating parameters on the FFA conversion to biodiesel with esterification, including alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount and type. The esterification technologies and economic aspects of biodiesel as also addressed.

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