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Protein isolate from the herb, Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), plays hepatoprotective role against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage via its antioxidant properties. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 May;45(5):817-26. Bhattacharjee R, Sil PC. Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) (P. niruri) is a well-known hepatoprotective herbal plant. In the present study, hepatoprotective potential of the protein isolate of P. niruri was investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver damage in vivo. Protein isolate of P. niruri was intraperitoneally injected in mice either prior to (preventive) or after the induction of toxicity (curative). Levels of different liver marker enzymes in serum and different anti-oxidant enzymes, as well as lipid peroxidation products and glutathione (GSH) in liver homogenates were measured in normal, control (toxicity induced) and protein isolate treated mice. Administration of CCl(4) increased the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of mice sera along with increased lipid peroxidation and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver. Treatment with the protein isolate of P. niruri significantly altered these changes to almost normal. The protein isolate also showed protective properties as was evidenced in histopathological studies. Results suggest that the protein isolate of P. niruri protects liver tissues against oxidative damage and somehow helps stimulating repair mechanism present in liver. It could be used as an effective hepatoprotector against CCl(4) induced liver damage. Hepatoprotection of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis against experimentally induced liver injury in rats. Fitoterapia. 2007 Feb;78(2):134-41. Asha VV, Sheeba MS, Suresh V, Wills PJ. The hexane extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (200 and 100 mg/kg) showed significant hepatoprotection on carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide induced liver damage in rats. The protective effect was evident from serum biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis. Rats treated with P. maderaspatensis remarkably prevented the elevation of serum AST, ALT and LDH and liver lipid peroxides in CCl(4) and thioacetamide treated rats. Hepatic glutathione levels significantly increased by the treatment with the extracts. Histopathological changes induced by CCl(4) and thioacetamide were also significantly reduced by the extract treatment. The activity of hexane extracts of P. maderaspatensis was comparable to that of silymarin, the reference hepatoprotective drug. The effect of Phyllanthus niruri on urinary inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization and other factors associated with renal stone formation. BJU Int 2002 Jun; 89(9): 829-34. Freitas AM, Schor N, Boim MA. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Pn), a plant used in folk medicine to treat lithiasis, on the urinary excretion of endogenous inhibitors of lithogenesis, citrate, magnesium and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Materials and methods: The effect of chronic (42 days) administration of Pn (1.25 mg/mL/day, orally) was evaluated in a rat model of urolithiasis induced by the introduction of a calcium oxalate (CaOx) seed into the bladder of adult male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: a sham control (16 rats); a control Pn (six); CaOx water instead of Pn (14); and CaOx Pn (22). Plasma and urine were collected after 42 days of treatment for biochemical analysis and the determination of urinary excretion of citrate, magnesium and GAGs. The animals were then killed and the calculi analysed. Results: The creatinine clearance or urinary and plasma concentrations of Na , K , Ca2 , oxalate, phosphate and uric acid were unaffected by Pn or the induction of lithiasis. Treatment with Pn strongly inhibited the growth of the matrix calculus and reduced the number of stone satellites compared with the group receiving water. The calculi were eliminated or dissolved in some treated animals (three of 22). The urinary excretion of citrate and magnesium was unaffected by Pn treatment. However, the mean (sd) urinary concentration of GAGs was significantly lower in rats treated with CaOx Pn, at 5.64 (0.86) mg/g creatinine, than when treated with CaOx water, at 11.78 (2.21) mg/g creatinine. In contrast, the content of GAGs in the calculi was higher in the CaOx Pn rats, at 48.0 (10.4) g/g calculus, than in the CaOx water group, at 16.6 (9.6) g/g calculus. Conclusion: These results show that Pn has an inhibitory effect on crystal growth, which is independent of changes in the urinary excretion of citrate and Mg, but might be related to the higher incorporation of GAGs into the calculi. Phyllanthus niruri inhibits calcium oxalate endocytosis by renal tubular cells: its role in urolithiasis. Nephron 1999; 81(4): 393-7. Campos AH, Schor N. We investigated the in vitro effect of an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri L. on a model of CaOx crystal endocytosis by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The extract exhibited a potent and effective non-concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the CaOx crystal internalization. This response was present even at very high (pathologic) CaOx concentrations and no P. niruri L.-induced toxic effect could be detected. Biochemical analysis of culture media containing P. niruri L. did not provide any clues for the elucidation of the cellular pathways affected by this natural product. Although further studies are necessary for a better understanding of the role of P. niruri L. in urolithiasis, our findings show that this natural product could be an attractive alternative for the treatment of urinary stones. Antihepatotoxic principles of Phyllanthus niruri herbs. J Ethnopharmacol 1985 Sep; 14(1): 41-4. Syamasundar KV, Singh B, Thakur RS, Husain A, Kiso Y, Hikino H. Among phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, triacontanal and tricontanol isolated from a hexane extract of Phyllanthus niruri, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin protected against carbon tetrachlorideand galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, while triacontanal was protective only against galactosamine-induced toxicity.

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