Synthesis of information on aerosol optical properties

[1] In a previous study (Liu et al., 2005) obtained are global scale estimates of aerosol optical depth at 0.55 μm based on spatial and temporal variation patterns from models and satellite observations, regulated by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. In this study an approach is developed to obtain information on global distribution of the single scattering albedo (ω0), the asymmetry parameter (g), and the normalized extinction coefficient over shortwave (SW) spectrum. Since space observations of ω0 are in early stages of development and none are available for g, first an approach was developed to infer them from relevant information from the Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and AERONET retrievals. The single scattering albedo is generated by extending GOCART ω0 at 0.55 μm to the entire SW spectrum using spectral dependence derived from AERONET retrievals. The asymmetry parameter over the solar spectrum is derived from the MODIS Angstrom wavelength exponent, utilizing a relationship based on AERONET almucantar observations. The normalized extinction coefficient is estimated from the MODIS Angstrom wavelength exponent. The methodology was implemented as a “proof of concept” with one year of data. The approach described here is a step in preparedness for utilizing information from new observing systems (e.g., MISR, A-Train constellation) when available. The impact of the newly derived information on the quality of satellite based estimates of surface radiative fluxes was evaluated and is presented by Liu and Pinker (2008).

[1]  T. Nakajima,et al.  Optimization of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II Global Imager channels by use of radiative transfer calculations. , 1998, Applied optics.

[2]  Olivier Boucher,et al.  General circulation model assessment of the sensitivity of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to aerosol size and chemistry , 1995 .

[3]  T. Eck,et al.  Variability of Absorption and Optical Properties of Key Aerosol Types Observed in Worldwide Locations , 2002 .

[4]  K. Bullrich,et al.  Scattered Radiation in the Atmosphere and the Natural Aerosol , 1964 .

[5]  B. Holben,et al.  Validation of MODIS aerosol optical depth retrieval over land , 2002 .

[6]  Oleg Dubovik,et al.  Column‐integrated aerosol optical properties over the Maldives during the northeast monsoon for 1998–2000 , 2001 .

[7]  Larry L. Stowe,et al.  Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product , 1997 .

[8]  P. Chylek,et al.  Effect of absorbing aerosols on global radiation budget , 1995 .

[9]  E. M. Patterson,et al.  Complex Index of Refraction Between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan Aerosols , 1977 .

[10]  Yoram J. Kaufman,et al.  Profiling of a Saharan dust outbreak based on a synergy between active and passive remote sensing , 2003 .

[11]  Michael D. King,et al.  A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements , 2000 .

[12]  Olga V. Kalashnikova,et al.  Ability of multiangle remote sensing observations to identify and distinguish mineral dust types: 2. Sensitivity over dark water , 2006 .

[13]  Brian Cairns,et al.  Global Two-Channel AVHRR Retrievals of Aerosol Properties over the Ocean for the Period of NOAA-9 Observations and Preliminary Retrievals Using NOAA-7 and NOAA-11 Data , 2002 .

[14]  P. Bhartia,et al.  Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data , 1997 .

[15]  Didier Tanré,et al.  Estimate of the aerosol properties over the ocean with POLDER , 2000 .

[16]  D. Tanré,et al.  Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Aerosols from Space: Past, Present, and Future. , 1999 .

[17]  Petr Chylek,et al.  The Two-Stream Approximation in Radiative Transfer: Including the Angle of the Incident Radiation , 1975 .

[18]  K. T. Whitby.  THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFUR AEROSOLS , 1978 .

[19]  S. Schwartz.  The whitehouse effect—Shortwave radiative forcing of climate by anthropogenic aerosols: an overview , 1996 .

[20]  Robert J. Charlson,et al.  Perturbation of the northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols , 1991 .

[21]  H. V. Hulst.  Light Scattering by Small Particles , 1957 .

[22]  A. Lacis,et al.  Aerosol retrievals over the ocean by use of channels 1 and 2 AVHRR data: sensitivity analysis and preliminary results. , 1999, Applied optics.

[23]  M. Chin,et al.  Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model , 2001 .

[24]  Yoram J. Kaufman,et al.  Aerosol optical depth retrieval from GOES-8: Uncertainty study and retrieval validation over South America , 2002 .

[25]  A. Smirnov,et al.  AERONET-a federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol Characterization , 1998 .

[26]  O. Torres,et al.  ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLOBAL SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC SOIL DUST IDENTIFIED WITH THE NIMBUS 7 TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER (TOMS) ABSORBING AEROSOL PRODUCT , 2002 .

[27]  E. Vermote,et al.  The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation , 2005 .

[28]  Hongqing Liu,et al.  Radiative fluxes from satellites: Focus on aerosols , 2008 .

[29]  J. Kiehl,et al.  The Relative Roles of Sulfate Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases in Climate Forcing , 1993, Science.

[30]  Alexander Ignatov,et al.  Aerosol Retrievals from Individual AVHRR Channels. Part I: Retrieval Algorithm and Transition from Dave to 6S Radiative Transfer Model , 2002 .

[31]  T. Eck,et al.  An emerging ground-based aerosol climatology: Aerosol optical depth from AERONET , 2001 .

[32]  B. Holben,et al.  A global view of aerosols from merged transport models, satellite, and ground observations : Global aerosol system , 2005 .

[33]  John L. Ross,et al.  Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing , 1998 .

[34]  Brian Cairns,et al.  Case Studies of Aerosol Retrievals over the Ocean from Multiangle, Multispectral Photopolarimetric Remote Sensing Data , 2002 .

[35]  Bernard Pinty,et al.  Techniques for the retrieval of aerosol properties over land and ocean using multiangle imaging , 1998, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[36]  J. Hansen,et al.  Radiative forcing and climate response , 1997 .

[37]  Oleg Dubovik,et al.  Non‐spherical aerosol retrieval method employing light scattering by spheroids , 2002 .

[38]  Kathleen A. Crean,et al.  Multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) global aerosol optical depth validation based on 2 years of coincident Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations : Global aerosol system , 2005 .

[39]  P. Pilewskie,et al.  Spectral absorption of solar radiation by aerosols during ACE‐Asia , 2004 .

[40]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis , 2001 .

[41]  Teruyuki Nakajima,et al.  Development of a Two-Channel Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm on a Global Scale Using NOAA AVHRR , 1999 .

[42]  Christine A. O'Neill,et al.  Effects of Aerosol from Biomass Burning on the Global Radiation Budget , 1992, Science.

[43]  J. Hansen,et al.  Light scattering in planetary atmospheres , 1974 .

[44]  Yoram J. Kaufman,et al.  Absorption of sunlight by dust as inferred from satellite and ground‐based remote sensing , 2001 .

[45]  Brent N. Holben,et al.  Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer measurements of aerosol absorption from space: Comparison to SAFARI 2000 ground‐based observations , 2005 .

[46]  R. Santer,et al.  Operational Remote Sensing of Aerosols over Land to Account for Directional Effects. , 2001, Applied optics.

[47]  Philip B. Russell,et al.  Wavelength Dependence of the Absorption of Black Carbon Particles: Predictions and Results from the TARFOX Experiment and Implications for the Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo , 2002 .

[48]  V. Salomonson,et al.  MODIS: advanced facility instrument for studies of the Earth as a system , 1989 .

[49]  D. Tanré,et al.  Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances , 1997 .

[50]  Bernard Pinty,et al.  Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument description and experiment overview , 1998, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[51]  Jens Redemann,et al.  Retrieval of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties from Photopolarimetric Observations over the Ocean during the CLAMS Experiment , 2005 .

[52]  Philip B. Russell,et al.  Aerosol optical depth retrieval using ATSR-2 and AVHRR data during TARFOX , 1999 .

[53]  Alexander Ignatov,et al.  Development, validation, and potential enhancements to the second‐generation operational aerosol product at the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 1997 .

[54]  Larry D. Travis,et al.  Light scattering by nonspherical particles : theory, measurements, and applications , 1998 .

[55]  M. Noguer,et al.  Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2002 .

[56]  Robert Frouin,et al.  Early phase analysis of OCTS radiance data for aerosol remote sensing , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[57]  E. Vermote,et al.  Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer , 1997 .

[58]  R. Martin,et al.  AEROSOL DISTRIBUTIONS AND RADIATIVE PROPERTIES SIMULATED IN THE GOCART MODEL AND COMPARISONS WITH OBSERVATIONS , 2022 .

[59]  Darrel L. Williams,et al.  A Method for Unbiased High-Resolution Aerosol Retrieval from Landsat , 2004 .

[60]  Alexander Ignatov,et al.  Physical Basis, Premises, and Self-Consistency Checks of Aerosol Retrievals from TRMM VIRS , 2000 .

[61]  Philip B. Russell,et al.  Geostationary satellite retrievals of aerosol optical thickness during ACE‐Asia , 2003 .

[62]  David J. Diner,et al.  Comparison of MISR and AERONET aerosol optical depths over desert sites , 2003 .

[63]  J. Srinivasan,et al.  A method to infer short wave absorption due to aerosols using satellite remote sensing , 2005 .

[64]  Thomas Holzer-Popp,et al.  Retrieving aerosol optical depth and type in the boundary layer over land and ocean from simultaneous GOME spectrometer and ATSR-2 radiometer measurements, 1, Method description , 2002 .

[65]  J. Coakley,et al.  Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols , 1992, Science.

[66]  G. Mie.  Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen , 1908 .

[67]  Paola Formenti,et al.  Iron oxides and light absorption by pure desert dust: An experimental study , 2004 .

[68]  G. Leeuw,et al.  Modeling coastal aerosol transport and effects of surf‐produced aerosols on processes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer , 2001 .

[69]  T. Eck,et al.  Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols , 1999 .

[70]  P. Bhartia,et al.  Derivation of aerosol properties from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation , 1998 .

[71]  F. Valero,et al.  Surface aerosol radiative forcing at Gosan during the ACE‐Asia campaign , 2003 .

[72]  T. Eck,et al.  A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles , 2004 .

[73]  Thomas W. Kirchstetter,et al.  Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon , 2004 .

[74]  Alexander Smirnov,et al.  Columnar aerosol optical properties at AERONET sites in central eastern Asia and aerosol transport to the tropical mid‐Pacific , 2005 .

[75]  F. Maignan,et al.  Remote sensing of aerosols over land surfaces from POLDER‐ADEOS‐1 polarized measurements , 2001 .

[76]  T. Eck,et al.  Bimodal size distribution influences on the variation of Angstrom derivatives in spectral and optical depth space , 2001 .

[77]  Menghua Wang,et al.  Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: a preliminary algorithm. , 1994, Applied optics.

[78]  P. Pilewskie,et al.  Estimates of the spectral aerosol single scattering albedo and aerosol radiative effects during SAFARI 2000 , 2003 .

[79]  S. Kinne,et al.  Aerosol-induced radiative flux changes off the United States mid-Atlantic coast: Comparison of values calculated from sunphotometer and in situ data with those measured by airborne pyranometer , 1999 .

[80]  E. Shettle,et al.  Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties , 1979 .

[81]  Y. Kaufman,et al.  Dynamic aerosol model: Urban/industrial aerosol , 1998 .

[82]  Robert A. Kotchenruther,et al.  Direct Radiative Forcing by Smoke from Biomass Burning , 1997, Science.

[83]  Irina N. Sokolik,et al.  Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths , 1999 .

[84]  P. Formenti,et al.  The mean physical and optical properties of regional haze dominated by biomass burning aerosol measured from the C-130 aircraft during SAFARI 2000 , 2003 .

[85]  C. Junge,et al.  THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND AGING OF NATURAL AEROSOLS AS DETERMINED FROM ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL DATA ON THE ATMOSPHERE , 1955 .

[86]  P. Hobbs,et al.  An aerosol model and aerosol-induced changes in the clear-sky , 2001 .

[87]  S. K. Satheesh,et al.  Large differences in tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth's surface , 2000, Nature.

[88]  T. Bond,et al.  Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review , 2006 .

[89]  Sundar A. Christopher,et al.  GOES-8 Retrieval of Dust Aerosol Optical Thickness over the Atlantic , 2003 .

[90]  Yoram J. Kaufman,et al.  Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra‐Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic Ocean , 2005 .

[91]  Yoram J. Kaufman,et al.  Single-scattering albedo of smoke retrieved from the sky radiance and solar transmittance measured from ground , 1998 .

[92]  David M. Winker,et al.  The CALIPSO mission , 2003, IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477).

[93]  Teruyuki Nakajima,et al.  Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sun photometer measurements , 2002 .