Biodiversity and application of microalgae

The algae are a polyphyletic, artificial assemblage of O2-evolving, photosynthetic organisms (and secondarily nonphotosynthetic evolutionary descendants) that includes seaweeds (macroalgae) and a highly diverse group of microorganisms known as microalgae. Phycology, the study of algae, developed historically as a discipline focused on the morphological, physiological and ecological similarities of the subject organisms, including the prokaryotic bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria) and prochlorophytes. Eukaryotic algal groups represent at least five distinct evolutionary lineages, some of which include protists traditionally recognized as fungi and protozoa. Ubiquitous in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats and possessing broad biochemical diversity, the number of algal species has been estimated at between one and ten million, most of which are microalgae. The implied biochemical diversity is the basis for many biotechnological and industrial applications.

[1]  W. Carmichael,et al.  Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites--the cyanotoxins. , 1992, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[2]  H. C. Bold,et al.  Introduction to the algae , 1978 .

[3]  Michael A. Borowitzka,et al.  Micro-algal biotechnology. , 1988 .

[4]  N. Pace,et al.  Evolutionary relationships among cyanobacteria and green chloroplasts , 1988, Journal of bacteriology.

[5]  John R. Benemann,et al.  Microalgae aquaculture feeds , 1992, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[6]  R. McCourt,et al.  MOLECULAR DATA AND SPECIES CONCEPTS IN THE ALGAE , 1992 .

[7]  J. Waterbury,et al.  Widespread occurrence of a unicellular, marine, planktonic, cyanobacterium , 1979, Nature.

[8]  C. Den Hartog,et al.  Introduction to applied phycology , 1991 .

[9]  W. Stewart.  Algal physiology and biochemistry , 1975 .

[10]  I. Quéré,et al.  Vitamin analysis of five planktonic microalgae and one macroalga , 1991, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[11]  W. Darley.  Algal Biology: A Physiological Approach , 1982 .

[12]  P. Roger,et al.  Blue-green algae and rice , 1980 .

[13]  T. Bjørnland.  Distribution patterns of carotenoids in relation to chromophyte phylogeny and systematics , 1989 .

[14]  Ronald Bachman.  Algae-An Overview , 1978 .

[15]  A. Winter,et al.  Biogeography of living coccolithophores in ocean waters , 1994 .

[16]  John R. Benemann,et al.  Cultivation of algae and nutrient removal in a waste heat utilization process , 1991, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[17]  S. Okada,et al.  Hydrocarbon composition of newly isolated strains of the green microalga Botryococcus braunii , 1995, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[18]  Richard E. Moore,et al.  ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF CULTURED BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE (CYANOPHYTA) 1 , 1993 .

[19]  M. Borowitzka.  Vitamins and fine chemicals from micro-algae , 1988 .

[20]  D. J. Kyle,et al.  Biodeuteration: a novel method for the production of deuterated lubricants , 1989 .

[21]  G. Patterson.  Sterol Synthesis and Distribution and Algal Phylogeny , 1987 .

[22]  Alexander N. Glazer,et al.  Phycobiliproteins — a family of valuable, widely used fluorophores , 1994, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[23]  D. N. Muanza,et al.  Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Nine Medicinal Plants from Zaire , 1994 .

[24]  B. Parker,et al.  Commercial applications of algae: opportunities and constraints , 1994, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[25]  John S. Burlew,et al.  Algal culture from laboratory to pilot plant. , 1953 .

[26]  J. R. Waaland,et al.  Algae and Human Affairs , 1989 .

[27]  R. Castenholz,et al.  SPECIES USAGE, CONCEPT, AND EVOLUTION IN THE CYANOBACTERIA (BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE) , 1992 .

[28]  Michael A. Borowitzka,et al.  Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds , 1995, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[29]  R. Andersen,et al.  Diversity of eukaryotic algae , 1992, Biodiversity & Conservation.

[30]  Malcolm R. Brown,et al.  Riboflavin content of six species of microalgae used in mariculture , 1994, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[31]  O. Kandler,et al.  Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  R. Andersen,et al.  Cladistic analyses of combined traditional and molecular data sets reveal an algal lineage. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  J. Skujins.  Biological Surface Features of Semiarid Lands : Deserts , 1991 .

[34]  M. Borowitzka.  Fats, oils and hydrocarbons , 1988 .

[35]  Victor Smetacek,et al.  Pelagic ecosystem structure: Heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions 1 , 1978 .

[36]  R. Radmer,et al.  Algal Diversity and Commercial Algal Products New and valuable products from diverse algae may soon increase the already large market for algal products , 1996 .

[37]  S. Golubić,et al.  MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CRITERIA IN THE TAXONOMY OF CYANOPHYTA CYANOBACTERIA , 1991 .

[38]  M. Reith.  Molecular Biology of Rhodophyte and Chromophyte Plastids , 1995 .

[39]  K. Gustafson,et al.  AIDS-antiviral sulfolipids from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). , 1989, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[40]  J. Waterbury,et al.  Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Group I. Cyanobacteria , 1989 .

[41]  Jeffrey A. Running,et al.  Heterotrophic production of ascorbic acid by microalgae , 1994, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[42]  R. Anderson.  Chapter 3 – Algae , 1996 .

[43]  B. Metting,et al.  Biologically active compounds from microalgae , 1986 .

[44]  W. Oswald.  Wastewater treatment with microalgae , 1992 .

[45]  A. Belay,et al.  Current knowledge on potential health benefits of Spirulina , 1993, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[46]  R. Olson,et al.  Prochlorococcus marinus nov. gen. nov. sp.: an oxyphototrophic marine prokaryote containing divinyl chlorophyll a and b , 1992, Archives of Microbiology.

[47]  Malcolm R. Brown,et al.  The ascorbic acid content of eleven species of microalgae used in mariculture , 1992, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[48]  P. Roger,et al.  Blue-green Algae and Rice. IRRI, Los Banos , 1980 .

[49]  J. Gallon,et al.  Biochemistry of the algae and cyanobacteria , 1988 .

[50]  M. Kates.  Lipids of Diatoms and of Halophilic Dunaliella Species , 1987 .

[51]  T. C. Smith.  The kingdom Chromista. , 1989 .

[52]  E. Laws,et al.  A study of the energetics and economics of microalgal mass culture with the marine chlorophyte Tetraselmis suecica: Implications for use of power plant stack gases , 1991, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[53]  K. R. Mattox.  Classification of the green algae: a concept based on comparative cytology , 1984 .

[54]  R. Haselkorn,et al.  Multiple evolutionary origins of prochlorophytes, the chlorophyllb-containing prokaryotes , 1992, Nature.