Physiological and proteomic responses of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) to drought stress.

Cotton genotype RAHS 187 was analyzed for changes in physiology, biochemistry and proteome due to drought stress. The deleterious effect of drought in cotton plants was mainly targeted towards photosynthesis. The gas-exchange parameters of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and transpiration (E) showed a decreasing trend as the drought intensity increased. The fluorescence parameters of, effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ(PSII)), and electron transport rates (ETR), also showed a declining trend. As the intensity of drought increased, both H(2)O(2) and MDA levels increased indicating oxidative stress. Anthocyanin levels were increased by more than four folds in the droughted plants. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected more than 550 protein spots. Significantly expressed proteins were analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) using MALDI-TOF-TOF. The number of up-regulated spots was found to be 16 while 6 spots were down-regulated. The reasonable implications in drought response of the identified proteins vis-à-vis physiological changes are discussed. Results provide some additional information that can lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of drought-sensitivity in cotton plants.

[1]  D. Lawlor,et al.  Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP , 1999, Nature.

[2]  R. Rakwal,et al.  Physiology and proteomics of the water-deficit stress response in three contrasting peanut genotypes. , 2009, Plant, cell & environment.

[3]  Hans Ulrich Bergmeyer,et al.  Methods of Enzymatic Analysis , 2019 .

[4]  D. Ort,et al.  Spatial Distribution of Photosynthesis during Drought in Field-Grown and Acclimated and Nonacclimated Growth Chamber-Grown Cotton. , 1992, Plant physiology.

[5]  H. Askari,et al.  Proteome analysis of sugar beet leaves under drought stress , 2005, Proteomics.

[6]  Howard V. Davies,et al.  Comparison of Tuber Proteomes of Potato Varieties, Landraces, and Genetically Modified Lines1 , 2005, Plant Physiology.

[7]  D. Wolfe,et al.  Suppression of polyphenol oxidases increases stress tolerance in tomato , 2004 .

[8]  S. Ranjan,et al.  Desiccation-induced physiological and biochemical changes in resurrection plant, Selaginella bryopteris. , 2010, Journal of plant physiology.

[9]  G. Paliyath,et al.  Ultraviolet-B- and Ozone-Induced Biochemical Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana , 1996, Plant physiology.

[10]  M. Kirkham,et al.  Antioxidant responses to drought in sunflower and sorghum seedlings. , 1996, The New phytologist.

[11]  K. Paliwal,et al.  On the interaction of UV‐B radiation (280–315 nm) with water stress in crop plants , 1993 .

[12]  A. Panek,et al.  Oxidative stress and its effects during dehydration. , 2007, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.

[13]  G. Agrawal,et al.  A hydroponic rice seedling culture model system for investigating proteome of salt stress in rice leaf , 2005, Electrophoresis.

[14]  Adam J. Carroll,et al.  The Absence of ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a in Arabidopsis Results in Acute Sensitivity to Combined Light and Drought Stress[W][OA] , 2008, Plant Physiology.

[15]  B. Ghareyazie,et al.  Proteomic analysis of rice leaves during drought stress and recovery , 2002, Proteomics.

[16]  S. Schubert,et al.  The biochemical reaction of maize (Zea mays L.) to salt stress is characterized by a mitigation of symptoms and not by a specific adaptation , 2004 .

[17]  G. Salekdeh,et al.  Proteomics uncovers a role for redox in drought tolerance in wheat. , 2007, Journal of proteome research.

[18]  A. Barkan,et al.  RNA Immunoprecipitation and Microarray Analysis Show a Chloroplast Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein to Be Associated with the 5′ Region of mRNAs Whose Translation It Activatesw⃞ , 2005, The Plant Cell Online.

[19]  S. Komatsu,et al.  Proteomic analysis of rice leaf sheath during drought stress. , 2006, Journal of proteome research.

[20]  P. Krishna.  Brassinosteroid-Mediated Stress Responses , 2003, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.

[21]  K. Dietz,et al.  Novel Regulators in Photosynthetic Redox Control of Plant Metabolism and Gene Expression1 , 2010, Plant Physiology.

[22]  T. Takano,et al.  Overexpression of a mitochondrial ATP synthase small subunit gene (AtMtATP6) confers tolerance to several abiotic stresses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana , 2008, Biotechnology Letters.

[23]  S. Nematov,et al.  Response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. , 2008, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[24]  K. Laukens,et al.  Gradual Soil Water Depletion Results in Reversible Changes of Gene Expression, Protein Profiles, Ecophysiology, and Growth Performance in Populus euphratica, a Poplar Growing in Arid Regions1[W][OA] , 2006, Plant Physiology.

[25]  Bingru Huang,et al.  Identification of proteins associated with water-deficit tolerance in C4 perennial grass species, Cynodon dactylon×Cynodon transvaalensis and Cynodon dactylon. , 2011, Physiologia plantarum.

[26]  P. Nurse,et al.  Animal cell cycles and their control. , 1992, Annual review of biochemistry.

[27]  I. Fridovich,et al.  Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. , 1987, Analytical biochemistry.

[28]  Derrick M. Oosterhuis,et al.  Measurement of root and leaf osmotic potential using the vapor-pressure osmometer , 2005 .

[29]  Z. Hong,et al.  A Rice Brassinosteroid-Deficient Mutant, ebisu dwarf (d2), Is Caused by a Loss of Function of a New Member of Cytochrome P450 Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.014712. , 2003, The Plant Cell Online.

[30]  J. Flexas,et al.  Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. , 2009, Annals of botany.

[31]  K Maxwell,et al.  Chlorophyll fluorescence--a practical guide. , 2000, Journal of experimental botany.

[32]  M. Zivy,et al.  Protein changes in response to progressive water deficit in maize . Quantitative variation and polypeptide identification , 1998, Plant physiology.

[33]  C. Ryan,et al.  Characterization and localization of a wound-inducible type I serine-carboxypeptidase from leaves of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) , 2001, Planta.

[34]  Sixue Chen,et al.  Proteomics of Arabidopsis redox proteins in response to methyl jasmonate. , 2009, Journal of proteomics.

[35]  I. Fridovich,et al.  Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases. , 1995, Annual review of biochemistry.

[36]  L. Packer,et al.  Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. , 1968, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[37]  E. Nicolás,et al.  Involvement of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase for improved tolerance against drought stress. , 2011, Journal of experimental botany.

[38]  D. Lawlor,et al.  Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. , 2002, Plant, cell & environment.

[39]  G. Agrawal,et al.  Role of defense/stress-related marker genes, proteins and secondary metabolites in defining rice self-defense mechanisms. , 2006, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[40]  S. Komatsu,et al.  A proteomics approach for identifying osmotic-stress-related proteins in rice. , 2007, Phytochemistry.

[41]  Guangyu Wu,et al.  Regulation of anterograde transport of adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors by Rab2 and Rab6 GTPases. , 2007, Cellular signalling.

[42]  G. Erice,et al.  Plant physiology and proteomics reveals the leaf response to drought in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) , 2010, Journal of experimental botany.

[43]  F. Song,et al.  A rice serine carboxypeptidase-like gene OsBISCPL1 is involved in regulation of defense responses against biotic and oxidative stress. , 2008, Gene.

[44]  P. Aggarwal,et al.  Addressing abiotic stresses in agriculture through transgenic technology , 2003 .

[45]  J. R. Bowyer,et al.  Photoinhibition of photosynthesis : from molecular mechanisms to the field , 1994 .

[46]  T. Lei,et al.  Circumvention of over-excitation of PSII by maintaining electron transport rate in leaves of four cotton genotypes developed under long-term drought. , 2007, Plant biology.

[47]  H. Budak,et al.  Drought stress: molecular genetics and genomics approaches , 2011 .

[48]  R. Haselkorn,et al.  Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[49]  C. Lenz,et al.  Variation in the holm oak leaf proteome at different plant developmental stages, between provenances and in response to drought stress , 2006, Proteomics.

[50]  R. Munns,et al.  Effect of water stress on cell division and cell-division-cycle 2-like cell-cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves , 1998, Plant physiology.

[51]  Linda Chalker-Scott,et al.  Environmental Significance of Anthocyanins in Plant Stress Responses , 1999 .

[52]  M. Martin-Magniette,et al.  Comparative transcriptomics of drought responses in Populus: a meta-analysis of genome-wide expression profiling in mature leaves and root apices across two genotypes , 2010, BMC Genomics.

[53]  J. Flexas,et al.  Is photosynthesis limited by decreased Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress? , 2004, The New phytologist.

[54]  Towards the proteome of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111: Setting up a 2‐DE reference map , 2006, Proteomics.

[55]  J. Farrant,et al.  Protection mechanisms against excess light in the resurrection plants Craterostigma wilmsii and Xerophyta viscosa , 1998, Plant Growth Regulation.

[56]  K. Yamane,et al.  Bundle sheath chloroplasts of rice are more sensitive to drought stress than mesophyll chloroplasts. , 2003, Journal of plant physiology.

[57]  A. Krieger-Liszkay,et al.  Photosynthetic electron flow affects H2O2 signaling by inactivation of catalase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , 2008, Planta.

[58]  C. Foyer,et al.  Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: signaling, acclimation, and practical implications. , 2009, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[59]  S. Binder,et al.  Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Mitochondria of Grasses: Malonyl-Coenzyme A Is Generated by a MitochondrialLocalized Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase1 , 2003, Plant Physiology.

[60]  B. Nahm,et al.  Overexpression of the ethylene-responsive factor gene BrERF4 from Brassica rapa increases tolerance to salt and drought in Arabidopsis plants , 2010, Molecules and cells.

[61]  K. Koistinen,et al.  Birch PR-10c is induced by factors causing oxidative stress but appears not to confer tolerance to these agents. , 2002, The New phytologist.

[62]  D. Lawlor,et al.  Causes of Decreased Photosynthetic Rate and Metabolic Capacity in Water-deficient Leaf Cells: a Critical Evaluation of Mechanisms and Integration of Processes , 1996 .

[63]  Sang-Woon Choi,et al.  Antioxidative activity of the anthocyanin pigments cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and cyanidin , 1994 .

[64]  M. Stout,et al.  Drought stress in tomatoes : changes in plant chemistry and potential nonlinear consequences for insect herbivores , 1997 .