RDAG: A structure-free real-time data aggregation protocol for wireless sensor networks

Data aggregation is an effective technique which is introduced to save energy by reducing packet transmissions in WSNs. However, it extends the delay at the intermediate nodes, so it can complicate the handling of delay-constrained data in event-critical applications. Besides, the structure-based aggregation as the dominant data gathering approach in WSNs suffers from high maintenance overhead in dynamic scenarios for event-based applications. In this paper, to make aggregation more efficient, we design a novel structure-free Real-time Data Aggregation protocol, RDAG, using a Real-time Data-aware Routing policy and a Judiciously Waiting policy for spatial and temporal convergence of packets. Extensive simulations in NS-2 verify the superiority of RDAG in WSNs.

[1]  Indranil Gupta,et al.  Building trees based on aggregation efficiency in sensor networks , 2007, Ad hoc networks.

[2]  Xiaohua Jia,et al.  Energy efficient real-time data aggregation in wireless sensor networks , 2006, IWCMC '06.

[3]  Robert Szewczyk,et al.  System architecture directions for networked sensors , 2000, ASPLOS IX.

[4]  Chuang Lin,et al.  Effective Data Aggregation Supported by Dynamic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[5]  Guohong Cao,et al.  DCTC: dynamic convoy tree-based collaboration for target tracking in sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  Chang-Gun Lee,et al.  MMSPEED: multipath Multi-SPEED protocol for QoS guarantee of reliability and. Timeliness in wireless sensor networks , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[7]  Katia Obraczka,et al.  The impact of timing in data aggregation for sensor networks , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577).

[8]  HB Yu,et al.  An Ant-Based Routing Algorithm to Achieve the Lifetime Bound for Target Tracking Sensor Networks , 2006 .

[9]  Wook Hyun Kwon,et al.  Aggregation Time Control Algorithm for Time constrained Data Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference.

[10]  Hongyi Yu,et al.  Timing control for delay-constrained data aggregation in wireless sensor networks , 2007, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[11]  Li Ying,et al.  An Adaptive Real-Time Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW'07).

[12]  Xiaohua Jia,et al.  Minimum-latency aggregation scheduling in multihop wireless networks , 2009, MobiHoc '09.

[13]  Ossama Younis,et al.  HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[14]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  Real-time Power-Aware Routing in Sensor Networks , 2006, 200614th IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service.

[15]  Prasun Sinha,et al.  Dynamic Forwarding over Tree-on-DAG for Scalable Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[16]  Jörg Widmer,et al.  In-network aggregation techniques for wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2007, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[17]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  RAP: a real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings. Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium.

[18]  Prasun Sinha,et al.  Structure-Free Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[19]  Xiuzhen Cheng,et al.  Aggregation tree construction in sensor networks , 2003, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484).

[20]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks , 2003, 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2003. Proceedings..

[21]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[22]  Youxian Sun,et al.  Enhancing Real-Time Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks With Two-Hop Information , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[23]  Chih-Min Chao,et al.  Design of Structure-Free and Energy-Balanced Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2009, 2009 11th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications.

[24]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  SPEED: A Real-Time Routing Protocol for Sensor Networks , 2002 .

[25]  Xiaohua Jia,et al.  Energy efficient routing and scheduling for real-time data aggregation in WSNs , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[26]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[27]  Ki-Il Kim,et al.  Reliable and real-time data dissemination in wireless sensor networks , 2008, MILCOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[28]  Baltasar Beferull-Lozano,et al.  On network correlated data gathering , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[29]  Ibrahim Korpeoglu,et al.  Power efficient data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks , 2003, SGMD.