Recent Trends in Ironmaking Blast Furnace Technology to Mitigate CO2 Emissions: Tuyeres Injection

Minimizing the coke consumption in the blast furnace is the key to achieve both ecological and economic aspects by reducing the CO2 emissions and the overall hot metal production cost. Complementary injection of cheaper auxiliary fuels and waste materials into the blast furnace via tuyeres has been greatly modified in the recent years to reduce the expensive coke consumption. Nowadays, most of the blast furnaces all over the world use pulverized coal at different injection rates. The greatest influence of coal injection on lowering the production cost and enhancement of hot metal production rate has led to further investigations on the injection of various other auxiliary materials including coke oven gas, converter gas, blast furnace dust, waste plastics, charcoal and torrefied biomass. In addition, trials on the injection of iron ore fines, low reduced iron and BOF slag have been recently studied. The injection rate of auxiliary materials into the blast furnace should be optimized to attain the minimum coke consumption and stable operation. The present chapter will discuss the influence of various materials injection on the blast furnace operation. The injection limit and changing of the blast furnace operating conditions, hot metal quality and coke consumption will be explained based on the experimental trials and mathematical modelling.

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