Microscopic surface tension down to molecular dimensions and microthermodynamic surface areas of molecules or clusters

Surface tension, surface energy, and entropy of small droplets, n clusters, and of cavities in liquids for sizes down to a single molecule are obtained. Rigourous relations are derived that relate microsurface properties to the usual handbook properties of bulk liquids. The microvalues and their dependence on the ratio of the cluster, droplet, or cavity size to the average liquid molecular size are given for common solvents, polar and nonpolar, including alcohols, water, hydrocarbons, rare gas liquids, and liquid (or solid) metals. Microscopic values are less than bulk‐planar values by around 40% for nonpolar liquids, and greater for polar liquids by around 60%. The n‐cluster (or cavity) sizes ? at which the microsurface properties approach the bulk values within a desired percentage, e.g., 5%, are given. The ordinary, bulk thermodynamic properties of liquids are also related to new useful quantities: ’’microthermodynamic surface areas’’ of molecules from which, using the equations given, ’’experimental’’...

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